State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt A):127373. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127373. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
To test high cadmium (Cd) concentration may not be high in health risk when considering Cd bioavailability, we assessed variation of Cd relative bioavailability (RBA, relative to CdCl) using a mouse assay for 14 vegetables of water spinach, amaranth, and pakchoi. Cadmium concentration varied from 0.13 ± 0.01-0.37 ± 0.00 μg g fw. Cadmium-RBA also varied significantly from 22.9 ± 2.12-77.2 ± 4.46%, however, the variation was overall opposite to that of Cd concentration, as indicated by a strong negative correlation between Cd-RBA and Cd concentration (R = 0.43). Based on both Cd concentration and bioavailability, the identified high-Cd pakchoi variety resulted in significantly lower Cd intake than the high-Cd varieties of water spinach and amaranth (4.74 ± 0.05 vs. 10.1 ± 0.54 and 8.03 ± 0.04 μg kg bw week) due to significantly lower Cd-RBA (22.9 ± 2.12 vs. 77.2 ± 4.46 and 51.3 ± 2.93%). The lower Cd-RBA in pakchoi was due to its significantly higher Ca and lower phytate concentrations, which facilitated the role of Ca in inhibiting intestinal Cd absorption. This was ascertained by observation of decreased Cd-RBA (90.5 ± 12.0% to 63.5 ± 5.53%) for a water spinach when elevating its Ca concentration by 30% with foliar Ca application. Our results suggest that to assess food Cd risk, both total Cd and Cd bioavailability should be considered.
为了在考虑镉生物可利用性时检验高浓度镉（Cd）是否存在高健康风险，我们使用一种小鼠测定法，评估了 14 种水菠菜、苋菜和白菜类蔬菜中镉相对生物有效性（RBA，相对于 CdCl）的变化。镉浓度从 0.13±0.01-0.37±0.00μg/gfw 变化。镉-RBA 也有显著差异，从 22.9±2.12-77.2±4.46%，然而，这种变化总体上与镉浓度的变化相反，这表明镉-RBA 与镉浓度之间存在很强的负相关（R =0.43）。基于镉浓度和生物有效性，确定的高镉白菜品种导致的镉摄入量明显低于水菠菜和苋菜的高镉品种（4.74±0.05 与 10.1±0.54 和 8.03±0.04μg/kgbw 周），这是由于镉-RBA 显著降低（22.9±2.12 与 77.2±4.46 和 51.3±2.93%）。白菜中镉-RBA 较低是由于其钙和植酸浓度明显较高，这有利于钙在抑制肠道镉吸收中的作用。通过叶面补钙将水菠菜的钙浓度提高 30%，观察到镉-RBA（90.5±12.0%降至 63.5±5.53%）降低，从而证实了这一点。我们的研究结果表明，在评估食物镉风险时，应同时考虑总镉和镉生物有效性。
