Arnedo Miquel A, Hormiga Gustavo, Scharff Nikolaj
Departament Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-8028 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Cladistics. 2009 Jun;25(3):231-262. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00249.x. Epub 2009 Apr 7.
This study infers the higher-level cladistic relationships of linyphiid spiders from five genes (mitochondrial CO1, 16S; nuclear 28S, 18S, histone H3) and morphological data. In total, the character matrix includes 47 taxa: 35 linyphiids representing the currently used subfamilies of Linyphiidae (Stemonyphantinae, Mynogleninae, Erigoninae, and Linyphiinae (Micronetini plus Linyphiini)) and 12 outgroup species representing nine araneoid families (Pimoidae, Theridiidae, Nesticidae, Synotaxidae, Cyatholipidae, Mysmenidae, Theridiosomatidae, Tetragnathidae, and Araneidae). The morphological characters include those used in recent studies of linyphiid phylogenetics, covering both genitalic and somatic morphology. Different sequence alignments and analytical methods produce different cladistic hypotheses. Lack of congruence among different analyses is, in part, due to the shifting placement of Labulla, Pityohyphantes, Notholepthyphantes, and Pocobletus. Almost all combined analyses agree on the monophyly of linyphioids, Pimoidae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae, Mynogleninae, as well as Stemonyphantes as a basal lineage within Linyphiidae. Our results suggest independent origins of the desmitracheate tracheal system in micronetines and erigonines, and that erigonines were primitively haplotracheate. Cephalothoracic glandular specializations of erigonines and mynoglenines apparently evolved independently. Subocular sulci of mynoglenines and lateral sulci (e.g. Bathyphantes) evolved independently but glandular pores in the prosoma proliferated once. The contribution of different character partitions and their sensitivity to changes in traditional analytical parameters is explored and quantified. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
本研究从五个基因（线粒体CO1、16S；核基因28S、18S、组蛋白H3）以及形态学数据推断微蛛科蜘蛛的高级支序关系。总体而言，性状矩阵包括47个分类单元：35个微蛛科物种，代表了微蛛科目前使用的亚科（柄腹微蛛亚科、小蚁蛛亚科、微蛛亚科和微蛛亚科（小网蛛族加微蛛族）），以及12个外类群物种，代表九个园蛛类科（类球蛛科、球蛛科、球腹蛛科、合轴蛛科、杯蛛科、膜蛛科、褛网蛛科、肖蛸科和园蛛科）。形态学特征包括近期微蛛科系统发育研究中使用的那些特征，涵盖生殖器形态和躯体形态。不同序列比对和分析方法产生了不同的支序假说。不同分析之间缺乏一致性，部分原因在于拉布拉蛛属、怜悯微蛛属、缺孔微蛛属和波科布微蛛属的位置变动。几乎所有的联合分析都认同微蛛类、类球蛛科、微蛛科、微蛛亚科、小蚁蛛亚科以及柄腹微蛛属作为微蛛科内一个基部谱系的单系性。我们的结果表明，小网蛛族和微蛛亚科的无气管气管系统起源独立，并且微蛛亚科在原始状态下是单气管的。微蛛亚科和小蚁蛛亚科的头胸部腺体特化显然是独立演化的。小蚁蛛亚科的眼窝下沟和外侧沟（如深水微蛛属）独立演化，但前体上的腺体孔只增殖了一次。探讨并量化了不同性状分区的贡献及其对传统分析参数变化的敏感性。©威利·亨尼希协会2009年。
