Nolasco Samuel, Valdez-Mondragón Alejandro
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas (Doctorado), Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta (CTBC), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UATx), Carretera Federal Tlaxcala-Puebla, Km. 1.5, C. P. 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Laboratorio Regional de Biodiversidad y Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales (LBCTV), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), sede Tlaxcala, Ex-Fábrica San Manuel, San Miguel Contla, 90640 Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
Zookeys. 2022 Dec 12;1135:93-118. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1135.94628. eCollection 2022.
Integrative taxonomy is crucial for discovery, recognition, and species delimitation, especially in underestimated species complex or cryptic species, by incorporating different sources of evidence to construct rigorous species hypotheses. The spider genus Simon, 1893 (Pholcidae, Arteminae) is composed of 37 species, mainly from North America. In this study, traditional morphology was compared with three DNA barcoding markers regarding their utility in species delimitation within the genus: 1) Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), 2) Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2), and 3) Ribosomal large subunit (28S). The molecular species delimitation analyses were carried out using four methods under the corrected -distances Neighbor-Joining (NJ) criteria: 1) Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), 2) Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), 3) General Mixed Yule Coalescent model (GMYC), and 4) Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP). The analyses incorporated 75 terminals from 22 putative species of . The average intraspecific genetic distance (-distance) was found to be < 2%, whereas the average interspecific genetic distance was 20.6%. The ABGD, ASAP, and GMYC methods were the most congruent, delimiting 26 or 27 species, while the bPTP method delimited 33 species. The use of traditional morphology for species delimitation was congruent with most molecular methods, with the male palp, male chelicerae, and female genitalia shown to be robust characters that support species-level identification. The barcoding with CO1 and 28S had better resolution for species delimitation in comparison with ITS2. The concatenated matrix and traditional morphology were found to be more robust and informative for species delimitation within .
整合分类学对于发现、识别和物种界定至关重要，特别是在未被充分认识的物种复合体或隐存物种中，通过整合不同来源的证据来构建严谨的物种假说。西蒙蜘蛛属（Simon，1893年）（幽灵蛛科，阿特米蛛亚科）由37个物种组成，主要分布于北美洲。在本研究中，将传统形态学与三种DNA条形码标记在该属物种界定中的效用进行了比较：1）细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1（CO1），2）内部转录间隔区2（ITS2），以及3）核糖体大亚基（28S）。分子物种界定分析是在经校正距离的邻接法（NJ）标准下使用四种方法进行的：1）自动条形码间隙发现法（ABGD），2）自动划分组装物种法（ASAP），3）通用混合尤尔合并模型（GMYC），以及4）贝叶斯泊松树过程（bPTP）。分析纳入了来自西蒙蜘蛛属22个假定物种的75个终端。发现平均种内遗传距离（p距离）<2%，而平均种间遗传距离为20.6%。ABGD、ASAP和GMYC方法最为一致，界定出了26或27个物种，而bPTP方法界定出了33个物种。使用传统形态学进行物种界定与大多数分子方法一致，雄蛛触肢、雄蛛螯肢和雌蛛生殖器显示为支持物种水平鉴定的可靠特征。与ITS2相比，CO1和28S条形码在物种界定方面具有更好的分辨率。发现串联矩阵和传统形态学在西蒙蜘蛛属物种界定方面更为可靠且信息丰富。
