埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州奇罗转诊医院孕妇先兆子痫的决定因素：非匹配病例对照研究
Determinants of Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women in Chiro Referral Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.
作者信息
Katore Fikre Hambamo, Gurara Abenet Menene, Beyen Teresa Kisi
机构信息
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Mieso Woreda Health Bureau, Mieso Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing, Arsi University, Asella, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Integr Blood Press Control. 2021 Dec 1;14:163-172. doi: 10.2147/IBPC.S336651. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Preeclampsia causes striking maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality and morbidity both in developed and developing countries. However, evidence of risk factors of preeclampsia is limited in the study area.
OBJECTIVE
To identify determinants of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in Ciro Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, 2020.
METHODS
A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from July 1 to July 30, 2020, in Chiro Referral Hospital on a sample size of 306 (ie, 76 cases and 230 controls; with a 1:3 ratio). Data were coded and entered into Epi Info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. The odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals to show the strength of association and -value<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.
RESULTS
A total of 302 (75 cases and 227 controls) pregnant mothers were interviewed with a response rate of 98.7%. Being in the age group ≥35 years (AOR=4.00; 95% CI=1.25-12.80), rural residence (AOR=3.30; 95% CI=1.50-7.26), having a family history of hypertension (AOR=3.25; 95% CI=1.36-7.73), and being primigravida (AOR=3.71; 95% CI=1.49-9.22) were identified as risk factors for preeclampsia. However, consuming fruits more than 2-4 times per a week in their diet (AOR=0.38; 95% CI=0.15-0.98) was a protective predictor of preeclampsia.
CONCLUSION
Maternal age, residence, family history of hypertension, gravida, and frequency of fruit consumption were identified determinants of preeclampsia. Thus, healthcare providers should give emphasis for pregnant mothers in the older age category, primigravida, those who have a history of a family with hypertension, and those from a rural residence to diagnose the diseases as early as possible. Additionally, advising pregnant mothers attending antenatal care to consume fruits as early as possible in their daily diet reduces the risk of preeclampsia.
背景
子痫前期在发达国家和发展中国家均导致显著的孕产妇、胎儿及新生儿死亡和发病。然而，在该研究地区，子痫前期危险因素的证据有限。
目的
确定2020年埃塞俄比亚奇罗转诊医院接受产前护理服务的孕妇中子痫前期的决定因素。
方法
2020年7月1日至7月30日，在奇罗转诊医院开展了一项基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究，样本量为306例（即76例病例和230例对照，比例为1:3）。数据进行编码后录入Epi Info 7版本，然后导出至SPSS 21版本进行分析。计算比值比及95%置信区间以显示关联强度，P值<0.05表示具有统计学意义。
结果
共访谈了302名（75例病例和227例对照）孕妇母亲，应答率为98.7%。年龄≥35岁（比值比=4.00；95%置信区间=1.25 - 12.80）、农村居住（比值比=3.30；95%置信区间=1.50 - 7.26）、有高血压家族史（比值比=3.25；95%置信区间=1.36 - 7.73）以及初产妇（比值比=3.71；95%置信区间=1.49 - 9.22）被确定为子痫前期的危险因素。然而，每周饮食中食用水果超过2 - 4次（比值比=0.38；95%置信区间=0.15 - 0.98）是子痫前期的一个保护性预测因素。
结论
孕产妇年龄、居住情况、高血压家族史、妊娠次数及水果食用频率是已确定的子痫前期决定因素。因此，医疗保健提供者应重点关注年龄较大的孕妇母亲、初产妇、有高血压家族史的孕妇以及农村居住的孕妇，以便尽早诊断疾病。此外，建议接受产前护理的孕妇母亲在日常饮食中尽早食用水果可降低子痫前期风险。
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