Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance, MICROB-R, Santiago, Chile.
Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire Mixte International, DRISA, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 1;810:152045. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152045. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) have been reported in wildlife worldwide. Whether wildlife is a transient host of ESBL-E. coli or comprises an independently maintained reservoir is unknown. We investigated this question by longitudinally monitoring ESBL-E. coli in common vampire bats and nearby livestock in Peru. Among 388 bats from five vampire bat colonies collected over three years, ESBL-E. coli were detected at a low prevalence (10% in 2015, 4% in 2017 and 2018) compared to a high prevalence (48%) from 134 livestock sampled in 2017. All ESBL-E. coli were multidrug-resistant, and whole genome sequencing of 33 randomly selected ESBL-E. coli isolates (18 recovered from bats) detected 46 genes conferring resistance to antibiotics including third-generation cephalosporins (e.g., bla, bla, bla, bla, bla), aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and colistin (mcr-1). The mcr-1 gene is reported for the first time on a wild bat in Latin America. ESBL-E. coli also carried 31 plasmid replicon types and 16 virulence genes. Twenty-three E. coli sequence types (STs) were detected, including STs involved in clinical infections worldwide (e.g., ST 167, ST 117, ST 10, ST 156 and ST 648). ESBL-E. coli with identical cgMLST (ST 167) were detected in the same bat roost in 2015 and 2017, and several ESBL-E. coli from different bat roosts clustered together in the cgMLST reconstruction, suggesting long-term maintenance of ESBL-E. coli within bats. Most antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected in E. coli from both host populations, while ESBL-E. coli ST 744 was found in a bat and a pig from the same locality, suggesting possible cross-species exchanges of genetic material and/or bacteria between bats and livestock. This study suggests that wild mammals can maintain multidrug-resistant bacteria and share them with livestock.
在全球范围内，已报道野生动物中存在产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌（ESBL-E. coli）。目前尚不清楚野生动物是 ESBL-E. coli 的短暂宿主，还是独立维持的储主。我们通过在秘鲁对常见吸血蝙蝠和附近家畜进行 ESBL-E. coli 的纵向监测来研究这个问题。在三年期间从五个吸血蝙蝠群中收集的 388 只蝙蝠中，与 2017 年从 134 只家畜中采样的高流行率（48%）相比，ESBL-E. coli 的检出率较低（2015 年为 10%，2017 年和 2018 年为 4%）。所有 ESBL-E. coli 均为多药耐药菌，对 33 株随机选择的 ESBL-E. coli 分离株（其中 18 株从蝙蝠中分离）进行全基因组测序，检测到 46 个赋予抗生素耐药性的基因，包括第三代头孢菌素（如 blaCTX-M-15、blaTEM-1、blaSHV-12、blaOXA-1、blaDHA-1）、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类和黏菌素（mcr-1）。mcr-1 基因是拉丁美洲野生蝙蝠中首次报道的。ESBL-E. coli 还携带 31 种质粒复制子类型和 16 种毒力基因。共检测到 23 种大肠杆菌序列类型（ST），包括与全球临床感染相关的 ST（如 ST167、ST117、ST10、ST156 和 ST648）。2015 年和 2017 年在同一蝙蝠栖息地中检测到相同 cgMLST（ST167）的 ESBL-E. coli，来自不同蝙蝠栖息地的几种 ESBL-E. coli 聚集在 cgMLST 重建中，表明 ESBL-E. coli 在蝙蝠体内长期维持。来自两个宿主种群的大肠杆菌中均检测到大多数抗生素耐药和毒力基因，而 ST744 型 ESBL-E. coli 则存在于同一地点的蝙蝠和猪中，提示蝙蝠和家畜之间可能存在遗传物质和/或细菌的交叉种间交换。本研究表明，野生哺乳动物可以维持多药耐药菌，并与家畜共享。
