Agustin Alfiana Laili Dwi, Khairullah Aswin Rafif, Effendi Mustofa Helmi, Tyasningsih Wiwiek, Moses Ikechukwu Benjamin, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Plumeriastuti Hani, Yanestria Sheila Marty, Riwu Katty Hendriana Priscilia, Dameanti Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji, Wasito Wasito, Ahmad Riza Zainuddin, Widodo Agus, Afnani Daniah Ashri
Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia.
Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram, 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2025 May;18(5):1199-1213. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1199-1213. Epub 2025 May 17.
The emergence and global dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing represent a major public health concern. While antibiotic resistance in clinical and agricultural settings is well documented, the contribution of wildlife, particularly bats, to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains underexplored. Bats possess unique ecological traits - such as long-distance flight, longevity, and adaptability - that facilitate their role as potential reservoirs and vectors of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review synthesizes global findings on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and transmission dynamics of ESBL-producing isolated from bats. Through a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted across five continents, we highlight the prevalence of multidrug-resistant in bat populations, with resistance profiles frequently including β-lactams (), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Notably, key ESBL genes such as CTX-M, TEM, SHV, and OXA have been identified in isolates from bat feces (guano), raising significant concern due to potential environmental contamination and zoonotic spillover. Risk factors such as habitat encroachment, anthropogenic waste exposure, and the agricultural use of bat guano further exacerbate the risk of ESBL transmission. Moreover, genomic comparisons suggest phylogenetic overlap between ESBL-producing from bats and those found in humans and livestock. Given these findings, bats warrant greater inclusion in One Health surveillance frameworks to trace AMR gene flow and develop targeted interventions. This review underscores the need for integrated AMR monitoring in wildlife, enhanced waste management policies, and stricter biosecurity to mitigate the public health risks associated with wildlife-origin ESBL dissemination.
产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）细菌的出现及在全球范围内的传播是一个重大的公共卫生问题。虽然临床和农业环境中的抗生素耐药性已有充分记录，但野生动物，尤其是蝙蝠，对抗菌素耐药性（AMR）传播的作用仍未得到充分探索。蝙蝠具有独特的生态特征，如长途飞行、长寿和适应性强，这些特征使其有可能成为抗生素耐药菌的潜在宿主和传播媒介。本综述综合了从蝙蝠中分离出的产ESBL细菌的发生情况、遗传特征和传播动态的全球研究结果。通过对五大洲开展的研究进行全面的文献综述，我们强调了蝙蝠种群中多重耐药菌的流行情况，其耐药谱通常包括β-内酰胺类（ESBL）、氨基糖苷类、四环素类和氟喹诺酮类。值得注意的是，在蝙蝠粪便（粪便）分离物中已鉴定出关键的ESBL基因，如CTX-M、TEM、SHV和OXA，由于可能造成环境污染和人畜共患病传播，这引起了人们的极大关注。栖息地侵占、人为废物暴露和蝙蝠粪便的农业用途等风险因素进一步加剧了ESBL传播的风险。此外，基因组比较表明，蝙蝠中产ESBL细菌与人类和家畜中产ESBL细菌之间存在系统发育重叠。鉴于这些发现，蝙蝠应更多地纳入“同一健康”监测框架，以追踪AMR基因流动并制定有针对性的干预措施。本综述强调了对野生动物进行综合AMR监测、加强废物管理政策和更严格的生物安全措施的必要性，以减轻与野生动物源性ESBL传播相关的公共卫生风险。
