Lane Charles R, Leibowitz Scott G, Autrey Bradley C, LeDuc Stephen D, Alexander Laurie C
National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
J Am Water Resour Assoc. 2018 Mar 1;54:346-371. doi: 10.1111/1752-1688.12633.
We reviewed the scientific literature on non-floodplain wetlands (NFWs), freshwater wetlands typically located distal to riparian and floodplain systems, to determine hydrological, physical, and chemical functioning and stream and river network connectivity. We assayed the literature for source, sink, lag, and transformation functions, as well as factors affecting connectivity. We determined NFWs are important landscape components, hydrologically, physically, and chemically affecting downstream aquatic systems. NFWs are hydrologic and chemical sources for other waters, hydrologically connecting across long distances and contributing compounds such as methylated mercury and dissolved organic matter. NFWs reduced flood peaks and maintained baseflows in stream and river networks through hydrologic lag and sink functions, and sequestered or assimilated substantial nutrient inputs through chemical sink and transformative functions. Landscape-scale connectivity of NFWs affects water and material fluxes to downstream river networks, substantially modifying the characteristics and function of downstream waters. Many factors determine the effects of NFW hydrological, physical, and chemical functions on downstream systems, and additional research quantifying these factors and impacts is warranted. We conclude NFWs are hydrologically, chemically, and physically interconnected with stream and river networks though this connectivity varies in frequency, duration, magnitude, and timing.
我们回顾了关于非洪泛区湿地（NFWs）的科学文献，这些湿地是典型的位于河岸和洪泛区系统远端的淡水湿地，目的是确定其水文、物理和化学功能以及与溪流和河网的连通性。我们分析了文献中关于源、汇、滞后和转化功能以及影响连通性的因素。我们确定非洪泛区湿地是重要的景观组成部分，在水文、物理和化学方面影响下游水生系统。非洪泛区湿地是其他水体的水文和化学源，在水文上远距离连通，并输送甲基汞和溶解有机物等化合物。非洪泛区湿地通过水文滞后和汇功能降低了洪峰并维持了溪流和河网的基流，通过化学汇和转化功能隔离或吸收了大量养分输入。非洪泛区湿地在景观尺度上的连通性影响了向下游河网的水和物质通量，极大地改变了下游水体的特征和功能。许多因素决定了非洪泛区湿地的水文、物理和化学功能对下游系统的影响，因此有必要进行更多研究来量化这些因素及其影响。我们得出结论，非洪泛区湿地在水文、化学和物理方面与溪流和河网相互连接，尽管这种连通性在频率、持续时间、规模和时间上有所不同。
