Possas Cristina, de Souza Antunes Adelaide Maria, de Oliveira Alessandra Moreira, de Souza Mendes Santos Cristina d'Urso, Ramos Mateus Pinheiro, de Oliveira Rodrigues Schumacher Suzanne, Homma Akira
Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Circ Econ Sustain. 2021;1(4):1439-1461. doi: 10.1007/s43615-021-00051-y. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
In this article, we present breakthroughs and challenges in vaccine development for COVID-19 pandemic, discussing issues related to pandemic preparedness and their implications for circular bioeconomy and sustainability. Notwithstanding the unprecedented accelerated speed of COVID-19 vaccine development, just 9 months after the emergence of the pandemic in Wuhan, China, benefiting from previous developments in SARS and MERS vaccines, significant gaps persist in global vaccine preparedness. These gaps include issues related to immunity and protection, particularly to the limited vaccine protection against recent emergence of concerning new viral variants in the UK, South Africa, and Brazil and the consequent need for vaccine redesign. We examine these gaps and discuss the main issues that could impact on global vaccine availability in the current pandemic scenario: (1) breakthroughs and constraints in development and production of leading global COVID-19 vaccines; (2) innovation and technological development advances and gaps, providing information on global patent assignees for COVID-19, SARS, and MERS vaccine patents; (3) local capacity for development and production of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS vaccines in three emerging agro-based countries (India, Brazil, and South Africa); and (4) future scenarios, examining how these issues and vaccines redesign for new SARS-CoV-2 variants could impact on global access to vaccines and implications for circular bioeconomy and sustainability in the post-COVID era.
在本文中，我们介绍了针对新冠疫情的疫苗研发中的突破与挑战，讨论了与大流行防范相关的问题及其对循环生物经济和可持续性的影响。尽管新冠疫苗研发速度空前加快，在中国武汉出现疫情仅9个月后，受益于先前在非典和中东呼吸综合征疫苗方面的进展，但全球疫苗防范仍存在重大差距。这些差距包括与免疫和保护相关的问题，特别是针对英国、南非和巴西近期出现的令人担忧的新病毒变种，疫苗保护有限，因此需要重新设计疫苗。我们审视了这些差距，并讨论了在当前疫情形势下可能影响全球疫苗供应的主要问题：（1）全球主要新冠疫苗研发和生产中的突破与制约因素；（2）创新和技术发展的进步与差距，提供有关新冠、非典和中东呼吸综合征疫苗专利的全球专利受让人信息；（3）三个新兴农业国家（印度、巴西和南非）研发和生产新冠、非典和中东呼吸综合征疫苗的本地能力；（4）未来情景，研究这些问题以及针对新冠病毒新变种重新设计疫苗如何影响全球疫苗获取，以及对新冠后时代循环生物经济和可持续性的影响。
