Haber Shira, Leskes Michal
Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Solid State Nucl Magn Reson. 2022 Feb;117:101763. doi: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2021.101763. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
The increasing need for portable and large-scale energy storage systems requires development of new, long lasting and highly efficient battery systems. Solid state NMR spectroscopy has emerged as an excellent method for characterizing battery materials. Yet, it is limited when it comes to probing thin interfacial layers which play a central role in the performance and lifetime of battery cells. Here we review how Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) can lift the sensitivity limitation and enable detection of the electrode-electrolyte interface, as well as the bulk of some electrode and electrolyte systems. We describe the current challenges from the point of view of materials development; considering how the unique electronic, magnetic and chemical properties differentiate battery materials from other applications of DNP in materials science. We review the current applications of exogenous and endogenous DNP from radicals, conduction electrons and paramagnetic metal ions. Finally, we provide our perspective on the opportunities and directions where battery materials can benefit from current DNP methodologies as well as project on future developments that will enable NMR investigation of battery materials with sensitivity and selectivity under ambient conditions.
对便携式和大规模储能系统日益增长的需求，要求开发新型、持久且高效的电池系统。固态核磁共振光谱已成为表征电池材料的一种出色方法。然而，在探测对电池性能和寿命起核心作用的薄界面层时，它存在局限性。在此，我们回顾动态核极化（DNP）如何能够克服灵敏度限制，并实现对电极 - 电解质界面以及一些电极和电解质体系本体的检测。我们从材料开发的角度描述当前面临的挑战；考虑独特的电子、磁性和化学性质如何使电池材料有别于DNP在材料科学中的其他应用。我们回顾了来自自由基、传导电子和顺磁性金属离子的外源性和内源性DNP的当前应用。最后，我们阐述了电池材料可从当前DNP方法中受益的机会和方向，并展望了未来的发展，这些发展将使在环境条件下对电池材料进行具有灵敏度和选择性的核磁共振研究成为可能。
