Szumik Claudia, Edgerly Janice S, Hayashi Cheryl Y
CONICET-Instituto Superior de Entomología, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
Cladistics. 2008 Dec;24(6):993-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00228.x. Epub 2008 Sep 22.
A cladistic analysis of embiopterans, based on 157 species (representing 70% of the known genera) and 186 morphological characters, is presented, as well as a molecular analysis for 22 taxa using genes encoding 16S, 18S and 28S rDNA and COI. Species of all known families are included, except Andesembiidae Ross (specimens of which are in a private collection). The evidence presented supports the monophyly of four of the families (Australembiidae, Oligotomidae, Teratembiidae, and Anisembiidae). Notoligotomidae is paraphyletic and included within the Afro-neotropical family Archembiidae (which is also paraphyletic). The genera Embia, Cleomia, Macrembia, and Dihybocercus (Embiidae) form, together with Australembiidae, a group strongly supported by morphology; the position of the remaining genera of Embiidae has two quite different resolutions. Almost 80% of the genera of Anisembiidae recently described appear as either paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Contrary to the opinion of other specialists, the major groups as well as the monophyly of some families are supported by features which have been ignored in classical approaches to the systematics of Embioptera, such as the ovipositor and cephalic and leg structures, characters with an almost perfect fit.
本文基于157个物种（代表已知属的70%）和186个形态特征对纺足目昆虫进行了支序分析，并使用编码16S、18S和28S rDNA以及COI的基因对22个分类单元进行了分子分析。除了罗斯澳纺足蛾科（Andesembiidae Ross，其标本保存在私人收藏中）外，所有已知科的物种均被纳入研究。所提供的证据支持了四个科（澳纺足蛾科、寡纺足蛾科、畸纺足蛾科和异纺足蛾科）的单系性。新寡纺足蛾科是并系的，被归入新热带区的原纺足蛾科（也是并系的）。纺足蛾属、棒纺足蛾属、巨纺足蛾属和双角纺足蛾属（纺足蛾科）与澳纺足蛾科一起，形成了一个在形态学上得到有力支持的类群；纺足蛾科其余属的位置有两种截然不同的解析结果。最近描述的异纺足蛾科近80%的属呈现出并系或多系的情况。与其他专家的观点相反，主要类群以及一些科的单系性得到了在纺足目系统学的经典方法中被忽视的特征的支持，如产卵器以及头部和腿部结构，这些特征几乎完美契合。
