Department of Psychology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Psychology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2022 Dec;75(12):2219-2231. doi: 10.1177/17470218211068828. Epub 2022 Jan 5.
According to the load theory of attention, an active cognitive control mechanism is needed to ensure that behaviour is controlled by target-relevant information when distractors are also perceived. Although the active cognitive control mechanism consists of working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition components, predictions regarding the load effects of this mechanism were derived mostly from studies on working memory. We aimed to test whether these predictions are also valid for an inhibition component. The inhibitory load was manipulated physiologically by creating different bladder pressure and its effects on distractor interference were examined under low and high perceptual load conditions. The results indicated that the availability of inhibitory control resources was important for decreasing the interference of distractors in the low perceptual load condition and that the high perceptual load reduced the effects of distractors independently from the availability of inhibitory resources. The results were consistent with the predictions of load theory, and to the best of our knowledge, the study provided the first piece of evidence in terms of the load effect of inhibition component on distractor interference.
根据注意的负荷理论，当存在干扰物时，需要一种主动的认知控制机制来确保行为受到目标相关信息的控制。虽然主动认知控制机制由工作记忆、认知灵活性和抑制成分组成，但关于该机制的负荷效应的预测主要来自于对工作记忆的研究。我们旨在测试这些预测对于抑制成分是否也是有效的。通过生理性地操纵抑制性负荷，在低和高知觉负荷条件下，检查不同膀胱压力对干扰物干扰的影响。结果表明，抑制控制资源的可用性对于降低低知觉负荷条件下干扰物的干扰很重要，并且高知觉负荷独立于抑制资源的可用性降低了干扰物的影响。结果与负荷理论的预测一致，据我们所知，该研究首次提供了关于抑制成分对干扰物干扰的负荷效应的证据。
