LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Feb 1;277:118826. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118826. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
Recent advances on brewer's yeast cell wall polysaccharides have unraveled exquisite structural features and diverse composition with (β1→3), (β1→6), (α1→4), (β1→4)-mix-linked glucans that are recognized to interact with different cell receptors and trigger specific biological responses. Herein, a comprehensive showcase of structure-biofunctional relationships between yeast polysaccharides and their biological targets is highlighted, with a focus on polysaccharide features that govern the biomedical activity. The insolubility of β-glucans is a crucial factor for binding and activation of Dectin-1 receptor, operating as adjuvants of immune responses. Contrarily, soluble low molecular weight β-glucans have a strong inhibition of reactive oxygen species production, acting as antagonists of Dectin-1 mediated signaling. Soluble glucan-protein moieties can also act as antitumoral agents. The balance between mannoproteins-TLR2 and β-glucans-Dectin-1 receptors-activation is crucial for osteogenesis. Biomedical applications value can also be obtained from yeast microcapsules as oral delivery systems, where highly branched (β1→6)-glucans lead to higher receptor affinity.
啤酒酵母细胞壁多糖的最新研究进展揭示了其精细的结构特征和多样的组成，包括（β1→3）、（β1→6）、（α1→4）、（β1→4）-混合连接的葡聚糖，这些葡聚糖被认为与不同的细胞受体相互作用，引发特定的生物学反应。本文重点介绍了酵母多糖与其生物靶标之间的结构-生物功能关系的综合展示，特别强调了控制生物医学活性的多糖特征。β-葡聚糖的不溶性是结合和激活 Dectin-1 受体的关键因素，作为免疫反应的佐剂。相反，可溶性低分子量β-葡聚糖强烈抑制活性氧物质的产生，作为 Dectin-1 介导的信号转导的拮抗剂。可溶性葡聚糖-蛋白部分也可以作为抗肿瘤剂。甘露糖蛋白-TLR2 和β-葡聚糖-Dectin-1 受体-激活之间的平衡对成骨作用至关重要。作为口服递送系统的酵母微胶囊也具有重要的生物医学应用价值，其中高度支化的（β1→6）-葡聚糖导致更高的受体亲和力。
