Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Am J Prev Med. 2022 Apr;62(4):e223-e231. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.007. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increase the risk for future adverse health outcomes in the pregnant woman and baby, and disparities exist in the rates of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by race/ethnicity. The objective of this study is to identify the differences in gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy rates by maternal place of birth within race/ethnicity groups.
In women aged 15-44 years at first live singleton birth in U.S. surveillance data between 2014 and 2019, age-standardized rates of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the rate ratios of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women born outside versus those born in the U.S. were evaluated, stratified by race/ethnicity. Analyses were conducted in 2021.
Of 8,574,264 included women, 6,827,198 were born in the U.S. (mean age=26.2 [SD 5.7] years), and 1,747,066 were born outside the U.S. (mean age=28.2 [SD=5.8] years). Overall, the gestational diabetes mellitus rate was higher in women born outside than in those born in the U.S. (70.3, 95% CI=69.9, 70.7 vs 53.2, 95% CI=53.0, 53.4 per 1,000 live births; rate ratio=1.32, 95% CI=1.31, 1.33), a pattern observed in most race/ethnic groups. By contrast, the overall hypertensive disorders of pregnancy rate was lower in those born outside than in those born in the U.S. (52.5, 95% CI=52.2, 52.9 vs 90.1, 95% CI=89.9, 90.3 per 1,000 live births; rate ratio=0.58, 95% CI=0.58, 0.59), a pattern observed in most race/ethnic groups.
In the U.S., gestational diabetes mellitus rates were higher and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy rates were lower in women born outside the U.S. than in those born in the U.S. in most race/ethnicity groups.
妊娠糖尿病和妊娠高血压疾病会增加孕妇和婴儿未来不良健康结局的风险，而且不同种族/族裔的妊娠糖尿病和妊娠高血压疾病的发病率存在差异。本研究的目的是确定不同种族/族裔群体中按产妇出生地划分的妊娠糖尿病和妊娠高血压疾病发病率的差异。
在 2014 年至 2019 年期间，在美国监测数据中，对首次活产年龄在 15-44 岁的妇女，评估了按种族/族裔分层的妊娠糖尿病和妊娠高血压疾病的年龄标准化发病率以及出生于美国以外的妇女与出生于美国的妇女的妊娠糖尿病和妊娠高血压疾病的发病率比。分析于 2021 年进行。
在纳入的 8574264 名妇女中，6827198 人出生于美国（平均年龄 26.2[标准差 5.7]岁），1747066 人出生于美国以外（平均年龄 28.2[标准差 5.8]岁）。总体而言，出生于美国以外的妇女的妊娠糖尿病发病率高于出生于美国的妇女（每 1000 例活产 70.3，95%可信区间=69.9，70.7 与 53.2，95%可信区间=53.0，53.4 例；发病率比=1.32，95%可信区间=1.31，1.33），这种模式在大多数种族/族裔群体中都观察到。相比之下，出生于美国以外的妇女的妊娠高血压疾病总发病率低于出生于美国的妇女（每 1000 例活产 52.5，95%可信区间=52.2，52.9 与 90.1，95%可信区间=89.9，90.3 例；发病率比=0.58，95%可信区间=0.58，0.59），这种模式在大多数种族/族裔群体中都观察到。
在美国，大多数种族/族裔群体中，出生于美国以外的妇女的妊娠糖尿病发病率高于出生于美国的妇女，而妊娠高血压疾病发病率则低于出生于美国的妇女。
