Universidade Federal do Pampa, Departamento de Medicina, Pampa, RS, Brazil.
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Postgraduate Department, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022 Mar-Apr;98 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S47-S54. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.005. Epub 2021 Dec 10.
To analyze the impacts of climate change on the development of immature respiratory and immune systems in children.
The authors of the present study performed a non-systematic review of English, Spanish, and Portuguese articles published in the last five years in databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and SciELO. The terms used were air pollution OR climate changes OR smoke, AND children OR health.
The increase in the prevalence of some diseases, such as allergic ones, is attributed to the interactions between genetic potential and the environment. However, disordered growth combined with inadequate waste management has caused problems for the planet, such as heatwaves, droughts, forest fires, increased storms and floods, interference in food crops and their nutritional values, changes in the infectious disease pattern, and air pollution resulting from the continuous use of fossil fuels. Children, beings still in the development stage with immature respiratory and immune systems, are the primary victims of the climate crisis.
The authors documented that prenatal and postnatal exposure to ambient air pollutants will accelerate or worsen the morbidity and mortality of many health conditions, including allergic diseases. Ambient air pollutants change the microbiota, interfere with the immune response, and take direct action on the skin and respiratory epithelium, which facilitates the penetration of allergens. Understanding how the children and adolescent health and well-being are affected by climate change is an urgent matter.
分析气候变化对儿童未成熟呼吸和免疫系统发育的影响。
本研究的作者对过去五年中在 PubMed、EMBASE 和 SciELO 等数据库中发表的英文、西班牙文和葡萄牙文文章进行了非系统性综述。使用的术语是空气污染或气候变化或烟雾，以及儿童或健康。
一些疾病（如过敏）的患病率增加归因于遗传潜力与环境之间的相互作用。然而，生长发育紊乱加上废物管理不善，给地球带来了问题，如热浪、干旱、森林火灾、风暴和洪水增加、粮食作物及其营养价值受到干扰、传染病模式发生变化以及化石燃料的持续使用导致的空气污染。儿童，即仍处于发育阶段、呼吸和免疫系统尚未成熟的个体，是气候危机的主要受害者。
作者记录到，产前和产后接触环境空气污染物将加速或恶化许多健康状况（包括过敏疾病）的发病率和死亡率。环境空气污染物改变了微生物群，干扰了免疫反应，并直接作用于皮肤和呼吸道上皮，从而促进了过敏原的渗透。了解气候变化如何影响儿童和青少年的健康和福祉是当务之急。
