Goetten de Lima Gabriel, Wilke Sivek Tainá, Matos Mailson, Lundgren Thá Emanoela, de Oliveira Ketelen Michele Guilherme, Rodrigues de Souza Irisdoris, de Morais de Lima Tielidy Angelina, Cestari Marta Margarete, Esteves Magalhães Washington Luiz, Hansel Fabrício Augusto, Morais Leme Daniela
Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Materials - PIPE, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.
Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Feb 1;294:118660. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118660. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
One possible way to reduce the environmental impacts of pesticides is by nanostructuring biocides in nanocarriers because this promotes high and localized biocidal activity and can avoid toxicity to non-target organisms. Neem oil (NO) is a natural pesticide with toxicity concerns to plants, fish, and other organisms. Thus, loading NO in a safe nanocarrier can contribute to minimizing its toxicity. For this study, we have characterized the integrity of a nanosilica-neem oil-based biocide delivery system (SiONP#NO BDS) and evaluated its effectiveness in reducing NO toxicity by the Allium cepa test. NO, mainly consisted of unsaturated fatty acids, was well binded to the SiONP with BTCA crosslinker. Overall, this material presented all of its pores filled with the NO with fatty acid groups at both the surface and bulk level of the nanoparticle. The thermal stability of NO was enhanced after synthesis, and the NO was released as zero-order model with a total of 20 days without burst release. The SiONP#NO BDS was effective in reducing the individual toxicity of NO to the plant system. NO in single form inhibited the seed germination of A. cepa (EC of 0.38 g L), and the effect was no longer observed at the BDS condition. Contrarily to the literature, the tested NO did not present cyto- and geno-toxic effects in A. cepa, which may relate to the concentration level and composition.
减少农药对环境影响的一种可能方法是在纳米载体中对杀生物剂进行纳米结构化，因为这能促进高效且局部的杀生物活性，并可避免对非目标生物产生毒性。印楝油（NO）是一种天然农药，对植物、鱼类和其他生物存在毒性问题。因此，将印楝油负载于安全的纳米载体中有助于将其毒性降至最低。在本研究中，我们对基于纳米二氧化硅 - 印楝油的杀生物剂递送系统（SiONP#NO BDS）的完整性进行了表征，并通过洋葱试验评估了其降低印楝油毒性的有效性。主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成的印楝油通过BTCA交联剂与纳米二氧化硅很好地结合。总体而言，这种材料的所有孔隙都充满了印楝油，在纳米颗粒的表面和整体层面都带有脂肪酸基团。合成后印楝油的热稳定性增强，印楝油以零级模型释放，总共释放20天且无突释现象。SiONP#NO BDS在降低印楝油对植物系统的个体毒性方面是有效的。单一形式的印楝油抑制洋葱种子萌发（EC为0.38 g/L），而在BDS条件下未观察到这种效果。与文献不同的是，所测试的印楝油在洋葱中未呈现细胞毒性和基因毒性效应，这可能与浓度水平和成分有关。
