CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Apr 1;205:112535. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112535. Epub 2021 Dec 10.
Existing evidence on the associations of urinary element profiles with related food intake and cardiometabolic diseases has been limited in China.
To examine the associations of urinary toxic metals and other elements with food intakes and with the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and 16 other elements in spot urine samples collected from 19,380 adults in 10 geographically diverse areas of China during 2013-2014. The levels of creatinine-corrected elements were used to analyze their correlations with self-reported dietary intake and associations with prevalent diabetes (n = 1862), stroke (n = 1322) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (n = 1690).
Overall, the mean (SD) age was 59.2 (10.1) years with a mean BMI of 24.2 (3.5) kg/m. Of the 21 elements, the median (IQR) concentrations varied from 0.49 (0.31-0.82) μg/g creatinine for vanadium (V) to 1666 (1189-2321) mg/g creatinine for potassium (K). Nine urinary elements [Cd, As, Ni, lead (Pb), boron (B), magnesium (Mg), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), and cesium (Cs); all rs > 0.20, p < 0.001] were positively correlated with staple food intake, five [Cd, As, selenium (Se), Rb, and Cs; all rs > 0.20, p < 0.001] with animal-sourced food group, and one (Cd; r = 0.21, p < 0.05) with pickled vegetable intake. For diabetes, adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) per SD of specific element levels were 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.18] for Cd, 1.24 (1.18-1.31) for As, 1.33 (1.27-1.39) for Ni, 1.14 (1.09-1.20) for Al, and 1.24 (1.18-1.30) for Cu. Cd was positively associated with stroke (PR per SD = 1.13, 1.04-1.23), while none of the elements were significantly associated with IHD.
In China, the urinary levels of several toxic metals were significantly associated with the consumption of specific food groups and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes and stroke.
现有关于尿液元素谱与相关食物摄入和心血管代谢疾病之间关联的证据在我国有限。
检测尿液中毒金属和其他元素与食物摄入以及心血管代谢疾病患病率的相关性。
2013-2014 年，在中国 10 个地理区域采集了 19380 名成年人的尿液样本，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测尿液中镉（Cd）、砷（As）、镍（Ni）、铝（Al）、铜（Cu）和其他 16 种元素的浓度。用肌酐校正元素水平来分析它们与自我报告的饮食摄入的相关性，并与常见的糖尿病（n=1862）、中风（n=1322）和缺血性心脏病（IHD）（n=1690）的患病率进行关联分析。
总体而言，参与者的平均（SD）年龄为 59.2（10.1）岁，平均 BMI 为 24.2（3.5）kg/m2。在所研究的 21 种元素中，中位数（IQR）浓度范围从 0.49（0.31-0.82）μg/g 肌酐的钒（V）到 1666（1189-2321）mg/g 肌酐的钾（K）。9 种尿液元素[Cd、As、Ni、铅（Pb）、硼（B）、镁（Mg）、铷（Rb）、锶（Sr）和铯（Cs）；所有 rs>0.20，p<0.001]与主食摄入呈正相关，5 种[Cd、As、硒（Se）、Rb 和 Cs；所有 rs>0.20，p<0.001]与动物源性食物群呈正相关，1 种（Cd；r=0.21，p<0.05）与腌制蔬菜摄入量呈正相关。对于糖尿病，特定元素水平每标准差的调整后患病率比（PR）为 1.10（95%置信区间（CI）：1.03-1.18）Cd，1.24（1.18-1.31）As，1.33（1.27-1.39）Ni，1.14（1.09-1.20）Al，1.24（1.18-1.30）Cu。Cd 与中风呈正相关（每标准差 PR=1.13，1.04-1.23），而没有一种元素与 IHD 显著相关。
在中国，几种有毒金属的尿液水平与特定食物组的摄入以及包括糖尿病和中风在内的心血管代谢疾病的风险显著相关。
