Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
Chemosphere. 2022 Mar;290:133241. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133241. Epub 2021 Dec 9.
The toxic influence of soot microparticles on terrestrial organisms has been well studied, although there is scarce data on how microparticles could affect hydrobionts. We performed a first-ever study of the short-term (5 days) impact of furnace soot (0.005 g/L) on the structural and functional features of gill cells in the Baikal Sculpin species Paracottus knerii, Dybowski, 1874. The soot samples used in the experiment were composed of small (10-100 nm) particles and larger (up to 20 μm) aggregates. The dominant fractions of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of these microparticles were phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzopyrenes, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrenes, and benzo[ghi]perylene. Trace element analysis of the soot detected the presence of C, S, Si, Al, Ca, K, Mg, P, and Fe. The gill condition was assessed with electron scanning, transmission, and laser confocal microscopy. Soot induces degenerative changes in the macrostructure and surface of secondary lamellae and increases mucus production in fish gills. A decrease in mitochondrial activity, an increase in reactive oxygen species production, and an increase in the frequency of programmed cell death in gill epithelium were observed under the influence of soot. In chloride cells, an induction of macroautophagy was detected. In general, the changes in fish gills after the short-term influence of soot microparticles indicate the stress of respiratory and osmotic regulation systems in fish. The data obtained are important for forming a coherent picture of the impact of soot on hydrobionts and for developing bioindication methods for evaluating the risks of their influence on aquatic ecosystems.
煤烟微颗粒对陆生生物的毒性影响已经得到了充分研究，尽管关于微颗粒如何影响水生生物的数据却很少。我们首次研究了炉烟（0.005 克/升）对贝加尔雅罗鱼 Paracottus knerii，Dybowski，1874 种的鳃细胞结构和功能特征的短期（5 天）影响。实验中使用的煤烟样本由小（10-100nm）颗粒和大（达 20μm）聚集体组成。这些微颗粒的多环芳烃的主要成分是菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘和苯并[ghi]苝。煤烟的微量元素分析检测到 C、S、Si、Al、Ca、K、Mg、P 和 Fe 的存在。使用电子扫描、传输和激光共聚焦显微镜评估鳃的状况。煤烟会引起次级鳃片的宏观结构和表面的退行性变化，并增加鱼类鳃中的黏液分泌。在煤烟的影响下，观察到线粒体活性下降、活性氧物质产生增加和鳃上皮细胞程序性死亡频率增加。在氯化物细胞中，检测到巨自噬的诱导。总的来说，在短期受到煤烟微颗粒影响后，鱼类鳃的变化表明鱼类呼吸和渗透调节系统受到压力。获得的数据对于形成煤烟对水生生物的影响的连贯图像以及开发用于评估其对水生生态系统影响的生物指示方法非常重要。
