Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India.
Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 10;811:152249. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152249. Epub 2021 Dec 10.
The main focus of this review is to discuss the current advancement in nano-metallic caused phytotoxicity on living organisms and current challenges in crops. Nanostructured materials provide new tools in agriculture to boost sustainable food production, but the main concern is that large-scale production and release of nanomaterials (NMs) into the ecosystem is a rising threat to the surrounding environment that is an urgent challenge to be addressed. The usage of NMs directly influences the transport pathways within plants, which directly relates to their stimulatory/ inhibitory effects. Because of the unregulated nanoparticles (NMs) exposure to soil, they are adsorbed at the root surface, followed by uptake and inter/intracellular mobility within the plant tissue, while the aerial exposure is taken up by foliage, mostly through cuticles, hydathodes, stigma, stomata, and trichomes, but the actual mode of NMs absorption into plants is still unclear. NMs-plant interactions may have stimulatory or inhibitory effects throughout their life cycle depending on their composition, size, concentration, and plant species. Although many publications on NMs interactions with plants have been reported, the knowledge on their uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation is still a question to be addressed by the scientific community. One of the critical aspects that must be discovered and understood is detecting NMs in soil and the uptake mechanism in plants. Therefore, the nanopollution in plants has yet to be completely understood regarding its impact on plant health, making it yet another artificial environmental influence of unknown long-term consequences. The present review summarizes the uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation of NMs in plants, focusing on their inhibitory effects and mechanisms involved within plants.
本篇综述的主要重点在于讨论纳米金属引起的生物毒性的最新进展，以及当前农作物所面临的挑战。纳米结构材料为农业提供了促进可持续粮食生产的新工具，但主要关注点是，纳米材料（NMs）的大规模生产和释放对生态系统构成的威胁日益严重，这是一个亟待解决的紧迫挑战。NMs 的使用直接影响植物内部的运输途径，这直接关系到它们的刺激/抑制作用。由于未受管制的纳米颗粒（NMs）暴露在土壤中，它们会被吸附在根部表面，随后被植物吸收，并在植物组织内进行细胞内/间迁移，而空气暴露则通过叶片被吸收，主要通过表皮、水孔、柱头、气孔和毛状体，但纳米颗粒进入植物的实际方式仍不清楚。NMs-植物相互作用可能在其整个生命周期中具有刺激或抑制作用，具体取决于它们的组成、大小、浓度和植物种类。尽管已经有许多关于 NMs 与植物相互作用的出版物，但关于它们的吸收、转运和生物累积的知识仍然是科学界需要解决的问题。必须发现和理解的一个关键方面是检测土壤中的 NMs 和植物中的吸收机制。因此，关于纳米污染对植物健康的影响，人们对其在植物中的影响还没有完全了解，这使得它成为另一种人工环境影响，其长期后果未知。本综述总结了 NMs 在植物中的吸收、转运和生物累积，重点关注它们在植物体内的抑制作用及其涉及的机制。
