Qu Liang, Zhang Xue, Chu Yanhong, Zhang Yuyang, Lin Zhiyuan, Kong Fanzhuo, Ni Xing, Zhao Yani, Lu Qiongya, Zou Bin
School of Food and Bioengineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu 241003, China.
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Foods. 2025 Apr 3;14(7):1254. doi: 10.3390/foods14071254.
Electrochemical biosensors have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their simple and rapid operation. Recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have further enhanced their performance, with nanomaterials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal nanoparticles being widely used as carriers for immobilizing enzymes, cells, and DNA molecules. These materials improve stability, sensitivity, and selectivity, making biosensors more effective. This article reviews the introduction, principles, and classification of enzyme-based electrode sensors, as well as their research and application progress in the detection of food risk factors (including foodborne pathogens, biotoxins, drug residues, food additives, allergens, etc.). It also explores future prospects, including advancements in nanotechnology and enzyme immobilization techniques, highlighting their potential in food safety and beyond.
电化学生物传感器因其操作简单、快速而受到研究人员的广泛关注。纳米生物技术的最新进展进一步提高了它们的性能，石墨烯、碳纳米管和金属纳米颗粒等纳米材料被广泛用作固定酶、细胞和DNA分子的载体。这些材料提高了稳定性、灵敏度和选择性，使生物传感器更有效。本文综述了基于酶的电极传感器的介绍、原理和分类，以及它们在检测食品风险因素（包括食源性病原体、生物毒素、药物残留、食品添加剂、过敏原等）方面的研究和应用进展。它还探讨了未来的前景，包括纳米技术和酶固定技术的进展，突出了它们在食品安全及其他领域的潜力。
