嗅觉受体选择：多增强子系统中基因调控的案例研究。
Olfactory receptor choice: a case study for gene regulation in a multi-enhancer system.
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2022 Feb;72:101-109. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.11.003. Epub 2021 Dec 9.
The mammalian genome possesses >2000 olfactory receptor (OR) alleles regulated by 63 known OR-Enhancer elements, yet each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses only a single OR allele. Choreographed changes to OSN nuclear architecture are evidently necessary for OR expression. Additionally, the insulated organization of OR-enhancers around an OR allele is a hallmark of the chosen OR. However, the biology guiding OR choice itself is unclear. Innovations in single-cell and biophysics-based analysis of nuclear architecture are revising previous models of the nucleus to include its dynamic and probabilistic nature. In this review, we ground current knowledge of OR gene regulation in these emerging theories to speculate on mechanisms that may give rise to diverse and singular OR expression.
哺乳动物基因组拥有超过 2000 个嗅觉受体 (OR) 等位基因，这些基因受到 63 个已知的 OR 增强子元件的调控，但每个嗅觉感觉神经元 (OSN) 只表达单个 OR 等位基因。OSN 核结构的协调变化显然是 OR 表达所必需的。此外，OR 增强子围绕 OR 等位基因的隔离组织是选择 OR 的标志。然而，指导 OR 选择本身的生物学机制尚不清楚。基于单细胞和生物物理的核结构分析的创新正在修改细胞核的先前模型，以包括其动态和概率性质。在这篇综述中，我们将 OR 基因调控的现有知识建立在这些新兴理论的基础上，以推测可能导致不同和单一的 OR 表达的机制。
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