Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Roy Vangelos Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Roy Vangelos Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Roy Vangelos Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States; Kavli Institute for Neurosciences at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2019 Apr;55:106-113. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.004. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
The partitioning of the interphase nucleus into chromosome territories generally precludes DNA from making specific and reproducible inter-chromosomal contacts. However, with the development of powerful genomic and imaging tools for the analysis of the 3D genome, and with their application on an increasing number of cell types, it becomes apparent that regulated, specific, and functionally important inter-chromosomal contacts exist. Widespread and stereotypic inter-chromosomal interactions are at the center of chemosensation, where they regulate the singular and stochastic expression of olfactory receptor genes. In olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) coalescence of multiple intergenic enhancers to a multi-chromosomal hub orchestrates the expression of a single OR allele, whereas convergence of the remaining OR genes from 18 chromosomes into a few heterochromatic compartments mediates their effective transcriptional silencing. In this review we describe the role of interchromosomal interactions in OR gene choice, and we describe other biological systems where such genomic interactions may contribute to regulatory robustness and transcriptional diversification.
间期核的染色体区室化通常阻止 DNA 形成特异性和可重复的染色体间接触。然而，随着用于分析 3D 基因组的强大基因组学和成像工具的发展，以及它们在越来越多的细胞类型上的应用，调控、特异性和功能重要的染色体间接触的存在变得显而易见。广泛和定型的染色体间相互作用是化学感觉的核心，它们调节嗅觉受体基因的单一和随机表达。在嗅觉感觉神经元（OSN）中，多个基因间增强子的凝聚到一个多染色体中心协调单个 OR 等位基因的表达，而其余 18 条染色体上的 OR 基因的汇聚到少数异染色质隔室中，介导它们的有效转录沉默。在这篇综述中，我们描述了染色体间相互作用在 OR 基因选择中的作用，并描述了其他生物学系统中，这种基因组相互作用可能有助于调节稳健性和转录多样化。
