Family Service and Guidance Center, Topeka, KS, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2022 Jan;307:114325. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114325. Epub 2021 Dec 5.
Schizophrenia has a large disease burden globally. Early intervention in psychosis, and therefore a decreased duration of untreated psychosis, has a positive clinical impact. There are several recognized risk factors for psychosis, including trauma history and substance use. This systematic review examined the literature for studies related to epigenetic changes in first-episode psychosis, with the goal of identifying future research directions.
A literature review was conducted from inception to October 3, 2021 using MedLine/PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo searches with the keywords ("first-episode schizophrenia" OR "first-episode psychosis" OR "drug-naive schizophrenia" OR "drug-naive psychosis") AND (epigenetic OR methylation OR hydroxymethylation OR "histone modification" OR "miRNA") as well as a search of the bibliography of the identified papers.
Seventeen studies that examined various portions of the genome were included in this systematic review. There were two studies that showed hypomethylation at the LINE-1 portion of the genome and two that showed hypermethylation at LINE-1. Additionally, two studies showed hypomethylation specifically at the GRIN2B promoter (part of LINE-1).
Although sample sizes were small, these studies provide evidence for epigenetic alterations in early psychosis. Further research in this area is warranted for more definitive epigenetic correlations.
精神分裂症在全球范围内具有较大的疾病负担。精神病的早期干预，因此减少未经治疗的精神病持续时间，具有积极的临床影响。精神病有几个公认的风险因素，包括创伤史和物质使用。本系统评价检查了与首发精神病症的表观遗传学变化相关的文献，目的是确定未来的研究方向。
从开始到 2021 年 10 月 3 日，使用 MedLine/PubMed、Web of Science 和 PsycInfo 搜索，使用关键字（“首发精神分裂症”或“首发精神病”或“药物初治精神分裂症”或“药物初治精神病”）和（表观遗传学或甲基化或羟甲基化或“组蛋白修饰”或“miRNA”），以及对已确定论文的参考文献进行搜索。
本系统评价共纳入了 17 项研究，这些研究检查了基因组的不同部分。有两项研究显示基因组中的 LINE-1 部分出现低甲基化，有两项研究显示 LINE-1 出现高甲基化。此外，两项研究显示 GRIN2B 启动子（LINE-1 的一部分）出现特异性低甲基化。
尽管样本量较小，但这些研究为早期精神病的表观遗传学改变提供了证据。该领域的进一步研究对于更明确的表观遗传学相关性是必要的。
