Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Australasian Diving Safety Foundation, Canterbury, Victoria, Australia.
Diving Hyperb Med. 2021 Dec 20;51(4):345-354. doi: 10.28920/dhm51.4.345-354.
New Zealand (NZ) diving-related fatalities have been reported since the 1960s. The aim is to identify contributing risk factors, including medical, and to inform appropriate preventative strategies.
NZ scuba diving fatalities from 2007 to 2016 were searched from multiple sources - the National Coronial Information System (NCIS); the NZ Chief Coroner's office; Water Safety NZ Drownbase™ and the NZ Police National Dive Squad records. For inclusion, a victim must have been wearing a scuba set (which may include a rebreather). A key word search of the NCIS was made and the results matched to the other databases. An Excel® database was created and a chain of events analysis (CEA) conducted.
Forty-eight scuba diving fatalities were identified, 40 men and eight women, average age 47 years (range 17-68), 20 of Māori ethnicity. Thirty-five were classified as overweight (14) or obese (21). Pre-existing medical risk factors were identified, either pre dive or at autopsy, in 37 divers, the commonest being ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 20), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, 18) and hypertension (seven). IHD, LVH and obesity were variously associated with each other. The likely commonest disabling conditions, identified in 32 cases, were asphyxia (15), cardiac (nine) and pulmonary barotrauma/cerebral arterial gas embolism (five). Multiple environmental and diving practice breaches and poor planning were identified in the CEA, similar to those seen in other studies. Thirty-eight divers had not released their weight belt. Information on resuscitation was limited.
Obesity and cardiovascular disease were common and Māori appear to be over-represented, both as previously reported.
自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，新西兰（NZ）就有潜水相关的死亡事件报告。本研究旨在确定导致这些事件的危险因素，包括医疗方面的，并为制定相应的预防策略提供信息。
从多个来源搜索了 2007 年至 2016 年期间新西兰的水肺潜水死亡事件，这些来源包括国家验尸官信息系统（NCIS）；新西兰首席验尸官办公室；水安全 NZ Drownbase™和新西兰警察国家潜水队的记录。纳入标准为受害者必须佩戴水肺装备（可能包括再呼吸装置）。对 NCIS 进行了关键字搜索，并将结果与其他数据库进行匹配。创建了一个 Excel®数据库，并进行了事件链分析（CEA）。
确定了 48 例水肺潜水死亡事件，其中 40 名男性和 8 名女性，平均年龄为 47 岁（范围 17-68 岁），20 人为毛利人。35 人被归类为超重（14 人）或肥胖（21 人）。在 37 名潜水员中，无论是潜水前还是尸检时，都发现了先前存在的医疗风险因素，最常见的是缺血性心脏病（IHD，20 人）、左心室肥厚（LVH，18 人）和高血压（7 人）。IHD、LVH 和肥胖症相互之间存在各种关联。在 32 例病例中，确定了最常见的致残情况，包括窒息（15 例）、心脏（9 例）和肺气压伤/脑动脉气体栓塞（5 例）。在 CEA 中还发现了多种环境和潜水实践违规以及计划不周的情况，这与其他研究中观察到的情况类似。38 名潜水员未释放他们的腰带。关于复苏的信息有限。
肥胖症和心血管疾病很常见，毛利人似乎比其他人群更为突出，这与之前的报告一致。
