Beatty Paul, Evans William, Gravelyn Sara, Tumperi Marshall, Daubon Druso, Veith Austin
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States.
Front Physiol. 2024 Dec 18;15:1517361. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1517361. eCollection 2024.
Insight into human physiology is key to maintaining diver safety in underwater operational environments. Numerous hazardous physiological phenomena can occur during the descent, the time at depth, the ascent, and the hours after a dive that can have enduring consequences. While safety measures and strict adherence to dive protocols make these events uncommon, diving disorders still occur, often with insufficient understanding of the factors that triggered the event. This review first examines the most common diving disorders and their incidence rates across recreational and US military dive activities. The review then identifies physiological biomarkers (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, respiration rate, temperature, oxygen saturation) that may provide a holistic view of the diver's current physiological state and potentially detect the most concerning diving disorders (e.g., decompression illnesses, gas mixture-related disorders, barotraumas, and environment exposure). Although considerable research is still needed to verify the use of these biometrics in the diving environment, the research described in this review presents a promising path to developing a system that can detect pending diving disorders and provide divers and other necessary parties with an early warning before mishaps occur.
深入了解人体生理学是在水下作业环境中确保潜水员安全的关键。在潜水下降、在水下停留、上升以及潜水后的数小时内，会出现许多危险的生理现象，这些现象可能会产生持久的后果。虽然安全措施和严格遵守潜水规程使这些事件并不常见，但潜水疾病仍会发生，而且人们往往对引发事件的因素了解不足。本综述首先考察了休闲潜水和美国军事潜水活动中最常见的潜水疾病及其发病率。然后，本综述确定了生理生物标志物（如心率、心率变异性、血压、呼吸频率、体温、血氧饱和度），这些标志物可能提供潜水员当前生理状态的整体视图，并有可能检测出最令人担忧的潜水疾病（如减压病、气体混合物相关疾病、气压伤和环境暴露）。尽管仍需要大量研究来验证这些生物特征识别技术在潜水环境中的应用，但本综述中描述的研究为开发一种能够检测潜在潜水疾病并在事故发生前为潜水员和其他相关方提供预警的系统提供了一条有前景的途径。
