College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Nov 15;32(11):3913-3922. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.016.
The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region is located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin in the Northwestern China, with vulnerable ecosystems. It is important to define the regional pattern of ecological security. The ecological and economic issues in this region deserved more investigation. By integrating land use data and the socio-economic data from 1995 to 2020, and using spatial analysis and geodetector, we investigated the spatial-temporal variations of land use and ecosystem service value (ESV) and the driving forces of spatial variations of ESV in the region. The results showed that the cultivated land and unused land in the study area were decreasing, whereas the construction land and forest land increased from 1995 to 2020. The overall ESV in the region showed a "decrease-increase" trend, which decreased by 1.2% from 1995 to 2000 and increased by 1.0% from 2000 to 2020. Grassland provided the largest ESV, contributing a prominent regulation on function and service. The results of geodetector indicated that NDVI was the dominant driving factor for the spatial variation, while temperature and per capita net income of farmers were the important factors. There were mainly 32 types of the index of driving forces with the spatial difference of ESV (q value) being more than 30%. The q value of NDVI and soil type was nearly 46%. The spatial variation of ESV in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region was affected by the interactive enhancement among natural, socio-economic factors, and policy factors.
陕甘宁地区位于中国西北部黄河流域中上游，生态系统脆弱。明确区域生态安全格局十分重要。该地区的生态和经济问题值得进一步研究。本研究通过整合 1995-2020 年土地利用数据和社会经济数据，运用空间分析和地理探测器，探讨了该地区土地利用和生态系统服务价值（ESV）时空变化及其 ESV 空间分异的驱动因素。结果表明，研究区耕地和未利用地呈减少趋势，建设用地和林地呈增加趋势。1995-2000 年该地区 ESV 整体呈“减少-增加”趋势，减少 1.2%，2000-2020 年增加 1.0%。草地提供的 ESV 最大，对功能和服务具有重要的调节作用。地理探测器的结果表明，NDVI 是 ESV 空间分异的主导驱动因素，而温度和农民人均纯收入是重要因素。驱动力指数的空间差异（q 值）有 32 种类型超过 30%，NDVI 和土壤类型的 q 值接近 46%。陕甘宁地区 ESV 的空间变化受到自然、社会经济因素和政策因素的交互增强影响。
