Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2022 Apr;47(4):405-414. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0227. Epub 2021 Dec 13.
It is unclear whether cardiometabolic risk shares an interactive relationship with age-associated differences in cognition, and whether this relationship varies by biological sex. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; 2010-2015) to examine whether 1) cardiometabolic risk has an interactive relationship with age-associated cognition; and 2) interactive effects are sex-dependent. We measured memory, executive function, and verbal fluency in the Comprehensive cohort ( = 25 830; 45-86 years). Each cognitive domain was modeled using restricted cubic splines for age and each cardiometabolic risk factor (HbA1c, HSCRP, TG, and LDL and HDL cholesterol). Sex was included as a predictor in all models. Wald χ statistics were used to determine the relative importance of age, cardiometabolic risk, sex, and their interactive effects on cognition. Age was the most important variable in each model (proportion χ = 34%-48%). Biological sex was the second most important variable for memory (proportion χ = 26%) but was unimportant for executive function and verbal fluency (proportion χ = 3%-5%). Cardiometabolic risk factors were unimportant predictors in each model (proportion χ = 1%-3%). Two- and 3-way interactions between cardiometabolic risk, age, and sex were also unimportant (proportion χ = 0%-2%). Thus, cardiometabolic risk factors did not meaningfully account for age-associated differences in cognition, and these associations (or lack thereof) did not vary by sex. Males have poorer age-associated cognitive performance than females. Females and males differ in cardiometabolic risk across middle and older adulthood. Cardiometabolic risk has a small association with age-associated cognition, and there are no sex differences in this relationship.
目前尚不清楚心脏代谢风险是否与认知的年龄相关性差异存在交互关系，以及这种关系是否因生物学性别而异。我们使用加拿大老龄化纵向研究（CLSA；2010-2015 年）的基线数据进行了一项横断面分析，以检验以下两个问题：1）心脏代谢风险是否与年龄相关的认知存在交互关系；2）交互作用是否取决于生物学性别。我们在综合队列中（=25830 人；45-86 岁）测量了记忆、执行功能和言语流畅性。每个认知域都采用受限立方样条法建模，以年龄和每个心脏代谢风险因素（HbA1c、hsCRP、TG 以及 LDL 和 HDL 胆固醇）为预测因子。所有模型均包含性别作为预测因子。Wald χ 统计量用于确定年龄、心脏代谢风险、性别及其对认知的交互作用的相对重要性。在每个模型中，年龄都是最重要的变量（比例 χ=34%-48%）。生物学性别是记忆最重要的第二个变量（比例 χ=26%），但对执行功能和言语流畅性不重要（比例 χ=3%-5%）。心脏代谢风险因素在每个模型中都是不重要的预测因子（比例 χ=1%-3%）。心脏代谢风险、年龄和性别之间的二项和三项交互作用也不重要（比例 χ=0%-2%）。因此，心脏代谢风险因素并不能很好地解释认知与年龄相关的差异，并且这些关联（或缺乏关联）不因性别而异。男性的年龄相关性认知表现比女性差。女性和男性在中年和老年期的心脏代谢风险存在差异。心脏代谢风险与年龄相关的认知有很小的关联，并且这种关系没有性别差异。
