Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Nov 25;12:780888. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780888. eCollection 2021.
Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body's endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, . Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.
成人和儿童肥胖已经达到了流行的程度。卡路里过剩和体力活动不足导致肥胖的观点是人们普遍接受的对体重增加的解释。但这种模式并不能给出明确的答案，因为世界正朝着更不健康和更肥胖的方向发展，而这与能量平衡无关。内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）是指那些类似于天然激素的化学物质，通过干扰体内内源性激素的功能来破坏内分泌功能。一组被称为肥胖物的内分泌干扰化学物质已被发现会导致代谢紊乱，如脂肪储存增加。肥胖物通过多种途径作用于代谢系统，已被发现会影响多种系统的内稳态，如肠道微生物组和脂肪组织功能。肥胖物会导致生命后期的代谢紊乱，甚至在暴露后会传递给多个后代。肥胖症和相关代谢性疾病的发病率不断上升，这就要求我们更加关注化学物质筛选工作和全球预防策略，以保障公众和后代的安全。本文综述了已知肥胖物及其对代谢系统的影响、它们作用的机制以及它们的筛选方法的最新发现。肥胖物、棕色脂肪组织和肠道微生物组之间的相互作用是本文将要涉及的主要话题。
