Centro Universitario UAEM Nezahualcóyotl, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Col. Benito Juárez, Av. Bordo de Xochiaca s/n, 57000, Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico.
Department of Hydrobiology, Col. Vicentina, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No 186, 09340, Iztapalapa, Mexico.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Dec 14;194(1):23. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09661-3.
Activities like agriculture contribute to the pollution of aquatic systems by fungicides, such as benomyl/carbendazim. This chemical inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), having teratogenic, oncogenic, reproductive, and hepatic effects on aquatic and soil organisms. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in the Tenango dam, Mexico, aimed at detecting and determining the spatial and temporal variability of benomyl/carbendazim fungicide in the dam's water and its possible impact on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), farmed and commercialized in the site. Five site visits were made during 2015. Benomyl/carbendazim was quantified at 34 georeferenced stations. Thirty O. niloticus specimens were collected per visit. The quality of water and O. niloticus specimens was evaluated according to the Mexican standards. The fungicide concentrations in the O. niloticus muscle and the AChE activity were measured. Seasonal and spatial variations of benomyl/carbendazim were determined using geostatistical methods (ordinary kriging [OK] and universal kriging [UK]). Geostatistical analyses demonstrated that agriculture contributes to the increased amounts of the chemical in specific areas. Even though the fungicide levels in water varied over time, they did not represent a risk to O. niloticus according to the current standards. The specimens met the quality criteria for their commercialization; however, they had low weights and small sizes. The benomyl/carbendazim concentration in the muscle increased with the size and exhibited a negative correlation with the AChE activity, thus indicating a potential harmful effect.
农业活动会导致水体受到杀菌剂（如苯菌灵/多菌灵）的污染。这类化学物质会抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性，对水生和土壤生物具有致畸、致癌、生殖和肝脏毒性。本文介绍了在墨西哥特南戈大坝进行的一项研究结果，该研究旨在检测和确定水坝水中苯菌灵/多菌灵杀菌剂的时空变异性及其对在该地点养殖和商业化的尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的可能影响。在 2015 年进行了五次现场访问。在 34 个地理参考站定量测定了苯菌灵/多菌灵。每次访问采集 30 条 O. niloticus 标本。根据墨西哥标准评估水和 O. niloticus 标本的质量。测量了肌肉中的杀菌剂浓度和 AChE 活性。使用地统计学方法（普通克里金[OK]和通用克里金[UK]）确定了苯菌灵/多菌灵的季节性和空间变化。地统计学分析表明，农业会导致特定区域化学物质含量增加。尽管水中杀菌剂的浓度随时间变化，但根据现行标准，它们不会对 O. niloticus 构成风险。这些标本符合其商业化的质量标准；然而，它们的体重较轻，体型较小。肌肉中的苯菌灵/多菌灵浓度随体型增加而增加，并与 AChE 活性呈负相关，表明可能存在有害影响。
