Hastings Cent Rep. 2021 Nov;51 Suppl 2:S2-S10. doi: 10.1002/hast.1314.
Genetic editing technologies have long been used to modify domesticated nonhuman animals and plants. Recently, attention and funding have also been directed toward projects for modifying nonhuman organisms in the shared environment-that is, in the "wild." Interest in gene editing nonhuman organisms for wild release is motivated by a variety of goals, and such releases hold the possibility of significant, potentially transformative benefit. The technologies also pose risks and are often surrounded by a high uncertainty. Given the stakes, scientists and advisory bodies have called for public engagement in the science, ethics, and governance of gene editing research in nonhuman organisms. Most calls for public engagement lack details about how to design a broad public deliberation, including questions about participation, how to structure the conversations, how to report on the content, and how to link the deliberations to policy. We summarize the key design elements that can improve broad public deliberations about gene editing in the wild.
基因编辑技术长期以来一直被用于修饰家养的非人类动植物。最近,人们也开始关注和资助那些旨在修饰共享环境中非人类生物的项目,也就是“野生环境”中的项目。出于各种目的,人们对用于野外释放的基因编辑非人类生物产生了兴趣,此类释放具有重大的潜在变革性益处。这些技术也存在风险,并且常常充满高度不确定性。鉴于利害关系重大,科学家和咨询机构呼吁公众参与非人类生物基因编辑研究的科学、伦理和治理。大多数呼吁公众参与的呼吁都缺乏有关如何设计广泛公众审议的详细信息,包括有关参与、如何组织对话、如何报告内容以及如何将审议与政策联系起来的问题。我们总结了可以改善有关野生环境中基因编辑的广泛公众审议的关键设计要素。