Hastings Cent Rep. 2021 Nov;51 Suppl 2:S34-S41. doi: 10.1002/hast.1318.
How strong is the argument for requiring public deliberation by very large publics-at national or even global levels-before moving forward with efforts to use gene editing on wild populations of plants or animals? Should there be a general moratorium on any such efforts until such broad public deliberation has been successfully carried out? This article works toward recommendations about the need for and general framing of broad public deliberation. It finds that broad public deliberation is highly desirable but not flatly necessary before moving forward with any local cases of gene editing in the wild. It also finds that broad public deliberation would be most helpful in generating very general guidance and is unlikely to be appropriate for specific cases. Broad public deliberation is most helpful for cases that involve higher levels of uncertainty and moral ambiguity, but separating out a distinct class of cases for deliberation is not yet possible.
在对动植物野生种群进行基因编辑的努力之前,是否需要非常庞大的公众(如国家甚至全球范围的公众)进行公开审议?是否应该在广泛的公众审议成功进行之前,对任何此类努力暂停?本文旨在提出关于广泛公众审议的必要性和总体框架的建议。文章发现,在进行任何局部的野生环境基因编辑之前,进行广泛的公众审议是非常可取的,但并非绝对必要。文章还发现,广泛的公众审议最有助于提供非常普遍的指导,不太可能适用于具体案例。广泛的公众审议对于涉及更高程度不确定性和道德模糊性的案例最有帮助,但目前还不可能将审议案例区分开来。