Araujo José Rafael da Silva, de Barros Arcoverde Juliana Vieira, de Farias Silva Marília Grasielly, Barros de Santana Edson Renan, da Silva Persio Alexandre, de Sousa Silvany, Santos Neide, de Almeida Pedro Marcos, de Andrade Lima Cláudia Sampaio, Benko-Iseppon Ana Maria, Aracati Padilha Rafael Jorge Santos, Alves Marccus, Brasileiro-Vidal Ana Christina
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2023 Jan;46(1):104-112. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011313. Epub 2021 Dec 14.
leaves have been used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases and inflammations. This study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of leaves by antioxidant and cytogenotoxic analyses of ethanolic crude extract (EE) and its fractions in healthy human cells. The EE was obtained by percolation, followed by fractionation using dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) as organic solvents. Extract and all fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests. cytotoxic activity was determined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay for the extract, EtOAc and MeOH fractions. In turn, the genotoxic activity was determined in human lymphocytes by the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay only for the EtOAc fraction. Only EtOAc fraction was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry due to its higher biological activity. Considering the antioxidant potential, the EtOAc fraction was most effective in DPPH (EC 43.37 µg/mL) and reducing power (EC 89.80 µg/mL) assays. GC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction led to the identification of guaiacol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, isovanillic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol. The EE (400-1000 µg/mL), EtOAc (≤150 µg/mL) and MeOH (50 and 150-600 µg/mL) fractions were not cytotoxic by MTT test. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction (100-400 µg/mL) did not induce significant genotoxic damage. Concentrations of the EtOAc fraction with antioxidant activity showed no cytotoxicity, nor genotoxicity potential, indicating them as a nontoxic natural antioxidant source.
树叶已被用于民间医学治疗呼吸道疾病和炎症。本研究旨在通过对健康人细胞中乙醇粗提物（EE）及其馏分进行抗氧化和细胞遗传毒性分析，评估树叶的生物潜力。通过渗漉法获得EE，随后使用二氯甲烷、环己烷、乙酸乙酯（EtOAc）和甲醇（MeOH）作为有机溶剂进行分馏。通过DPPH和还原力测试评估提取物和所有馏分的抗氧化潜力。通过MTT法在人外周血单核细胞中测定提取物、EtOAc和MeOH馏分的细胞毒性活性。反过来，仅对EtOAc馏分通过胞质分裂阻滞微核试验在人淋巴细胞中测定遗传毒性活性。由于其较高的生物活性，仅对EtOAc馏分进行了气相色谱-质谱联用分析。考虑到抗氧化潜力，EtOAc馏分在DPPH（EC 43.37µg/mL）和还原力（EC 89.80µg/mL）试验中最有效。EtOAc馏分的GC-MS分析鉴定出了愈创木酚、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚、异香草酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲醛和4-（乙氧基甲基）苯酚。通过MTT试验，EE（400-1000µg/mL）、EtOAc（≤150µg/mL）和MeOH（50和150-600µg/mL）馏分无细胞毒性。此外，EtOAc馏分（100-400µg/mL）未诱导明显的遗传毒性损伤。具有抗氧化活性的EtOAc馏分浓度未显示出细胞毒性和遗传毒性潜力，表明它们是无毒的天然抗氧化剂来源。
