Loganovsky Konstantin, Marazziti Donatella
Department of Radiation Psychoneurology, Institute for Clinical Radiology, State Institution "National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Unicamillus Saint Camillus International University of Medical Sciences, Rome.
Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2021 Apr;18(2):101-106. doi: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210204.
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) disaster that happened in Ukraine on the 26th of April 1986 still represents the most severe nuclear accident in human history. Its consequences, especially those involving mental health are increasingly emerging as long-term detrimental effects. Therefore, the aim of the present paper was to review the results of some of authors' studies and their personal reflections on this topic.
The authors selected and commented on the findings mainly derived from their contributions on the prevalence of long-term psychopathological symptoms and neuropsychiatric disorders in diferent groups of exposed and non exposed individuals, including the workers at the NPP the so-called liquidators (CUWs), the most exposed group, evacuees and people living in more or less contaminated areas.
The main findings derived from a series of studies carried out by the authors throughout the following decades after the disaster indicate the high prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases, organic mental and depressive disorders, cognitive impairment and even dementia that increase with the irradiation dose mainly amongst the liquidators. The organic disorders are probably related to a peculiar effect of radiation on left, dominant brain hemisphere. Interestingly, recent studies revealed abnormalities of the serotonin transporter and other genes disorders possibly at the basis of depression of exposed individuals.
The high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders amongst irradiated subjects following the ChNPP disaster highlights the impact of radiation exposure on the lifelong onset of neuropsychiatric disorders, for too long neglected by international agencies. Such findings require to be deepened in the future possibly within the frame of the so-called "ecological psychiatry".
1986年4月26日发生在乌克兰的切尔诺贝利核电站事故仍是人类历史上最严重的核事故。其后果，尤其是那些涉及心理健康的后果，正日益显现为长期的有害影响。因此，本文旨在回顾作者的一些研究结果以及他们对该主题的个人思考。
作者挑选并评论了主要源于他们对不同暴露组和非暴露组个体（包括核电站工作人员、所谓的清理人员（最暴露组）、撤离人员以及生活在或多或少受污染地区的人群）长期精神病理症状和神经精神障碍患病率研究的结果。
作者在灾难发生后的几十年里进行的一系列研究得出的主要结果表明，脑血管疾病、器质性精神障碍和抑郁症、认知障碍甚至痴呆症的患病率很高，且主要在清理人员中随辐射剂量增加。器质性障碍可能与辐射对左侧优势脑半球的特殊作用有关。有趣的是，最近的研究揭示了血清素转运体异常和其他基因紊乱可能是受辐射个体抑郁的基础。
切尔诺贝利核电站事故后受辐射人群中神经精神障碍的高患病率凸显了辐射暴露对神经精神障碍终身发病的影响，而这一点长期以来被国际机构忽视。这些发现未来可能需要在所谓的“生态精神病学”框架内进一步深入研究。
