Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Japan.
CNS Spectr. 2021 Feb;26(1):14-29. doi: 10.1017/S1092852920000164. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
To integrate scholastic literature regarding the prevalence and characteristics of the psychological consequences faced by survivors of the 2011 Fukushima earthquake/tsunami/nuclear disaster, we conducted a systematic review of survivor studies concerning the Fukushima disaster. In August 2019, four literature databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and ICHUSHI) were used in the literature search. Peer-reviewed manuscripts reporting psychological consequences, either in English or Japanese, were selected. A total of 79 studies were selected for the review. Twenty-four studies (30.4%) were conducted as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey-large-scale cohort study recruiting the residents of the entire Fukushima prefecture. Study outcomes were primarily nonspecific psychological distress, depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. The rates of high-risk individuals determined by the studies varied significantly owing to methodological differences. Nevertheless, these rates were mostly high (nonspecific psychological distress, 8.3%-65.1%; depressive symptoms, 12%-52.0%; and post-traumatic stress symptoms, 10.5%-62.6%). Many studies focused on vulnerable populations such as children, mothers of young children, evacuees, and nuclear power plant workers. However, few studies reported on the intervention methods used or their effect on the survivors. As a conclusion, high rates of individuals with psychological conditions, as well as a wide range of mental conditions, were reported among the Fukushima nuclear disaster survivors in the first 8 years after the disaster. These findings demonstrate the substantial impact of this compound disaster, especially in the context of a nuclear catastrophe.
为了整合关于 2011 年福岛地震/海啸/核灾难幸存者所面临的心理后果的学术文献，我们对福岛灾难的幸存者研究进行了系统回顾。2019 年 8 月，我们使用了四个文献数据库（PubMed、PsycINFO、心理学和行为科学收藏以及 ICHUSHI）进行文献搜索。选择了报告心理后果的同行评审手稿，无论其是英文还是日文。共有 79 项研究被选入综述。24 项研究（30.4%）是作为福岛健康管理调查-大规模队列研究的一部分进行的，该研究招募了整个福岛县的居民。研究结果主要是非特异性心理困扰、抑郁症状、创伤后应激症状和焦虑症状。由于方法学差异，这些研究确定的高风险个体的比率差异很大。然而，这些比率大多很高（非特异性心理困扰，8.3%-65.1%；抑郁症状，12%-52.0%；创伤后应激症状，10.5%-62.6%）。许多研究都关注脆弱人群，如儿童、幼儿母亲、撤离者和核电站工作人员。然而，很少有研究报告使用的干预方法或其对幸存者的影响。总之，在灾难发生后的 8 年内，福岛核灾难幸存者中报告了高比率的心理疾病个体，以及广泛的精神状况。这些发现表明了这场复合灾难的重大影响，尤其是在核灾难的背景下。
