Wondimu Alemzewud, Tassew Habtamu, Gelaye Esayas, Hagos Yohannes, Belay Alebachew, Teshome Yechale, Laiju Sam, Asebe Getahun
Debre Markos University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Burie, Ethiopia.
Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2021 Dec 7;12:303-315. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S318549. eCollection 2021.
Sheep and goat pox virus (SGPV) is a systemic contagious disease causing extreme illness and death in small ruminants.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in West Gojjam and Awi zone of Amhara national regional state Northwest Ethiopia, from November 2018 to May 2019 with the objective of pox virus outbreak investigation and molecular detections in sheep and goats (shoats). The study included clinical examinations of lesions, laboratory analysis, and questionnaire survey. Study locations were selected randomly when an active outbreak was reported and observed.
A total of 485 small ruminants (303 sheep and 182 goats) suspected of shoat pox were examined for the presence of specific skin lesions, 71 (14.64%) showed pox lesions, 35 (11.55%) sheep and 36 (19.78%) goats, and 24 (4.95%) had died. The study revealed highest morbidity rate in Jawie (31.25%) and Gunagua (14.89%) districts in goats and sheep, respectively. Lowest morbidity rate was recorded in Dega Damot district in sheep (6.45%) and goats (7.14%), respectively. The mortality rate was >1% in all districts except Dega Damot for both species. From a total of 38 tissue samples, 19 samples were selected based on the geographical distribution. All 19 samples (6 sheep and 13 goats) were found to be positive for goat pox virus based on polymerase chain reaction results. The significant risk factors were free animal movements, age, flock size and composition, body condition, vaccination status, and season. The study showed that in the absence of free movement of animals, the disease was less likely to occur (OR = 0.05, CI 95%; 0.02, 0.15).
The disease was found in higher rate during the dry and short rainy season. Sheep were also found to be infected by goat pox virus. The study indicated that there was widespread sheep and goat pox in Northwest Ethiopia.
绵羊和山羊痘病毒（SGPV）是一种全身性传染病，可导致小反刍动物出现严重疾病甚至死亡。
2018年11月至2019年5月，在埃塞俄比亚西北部阿姆哈拉民族地区州的西戈贾姆和阿维地区进行了一项横断面研究，目的是调查绵羊和山羊（幼畜）痘病毒疫情并进行分子检测。该研究包括病变的临床检查、实验室分析和问卷调查。当报告并观察到有活跃疫情时，随机选择研究地点。
共检查了485只疑似幼畜痘的小反刍动物（303只绵羊和182只山羊）是否存在特定皮肤病变，71只（14.64%）出现痘病变，其中35只（11.55%）绵羊和36只（19.78%）山羊，24只（4.95%）死亡。研究显示，在贾维地区山羊的发病率最高（31.25%），在贡阿瓜地区绵羊的发病率最高（14.89%）。在德加达莫特地区，绵羊（6.45%）和山羊（7.14%）的发病率最低。除德加达莫特地区外，所有地区两种动物的死亡率均>1%。根据地理分布，从总共38个组织样本中选取了19个样本。根据聚合酶链反应结果，所有19个样本（6只绵羊和13只山羊）均被检测出山羊痘病毒呈阳性。显著的风险因素包括动物自由移动、年龄、畜群规模和组成、身体状况、疫苗接种状况和季节。研究表明，在动物没有自由移动的情况下，疾病发生的可能性较小（比值比=0.05，95%置信区间；0.02，0.15）。
在旱季和短雨季期间，该病的发病率较高。还发现绵羊感染了山羊痘病毒。该研究表明，埃塞俄比亚西北部广泛存在绵羊和山羊痘。
