Alidoost Saeide, Maleki Mohammadreza, Pourasghari Hamid
Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Oct 29;10:398. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1379_20. eCollection 2021.
A large proportion of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented by reducing unhealthy nutrition, inadequate physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The high burden of NCDs underlines the need for a greater understanding of the causes of these risk factors. This paper aims to identify factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy nutrition, and inadequate physical activity in current and future times.
A scoping review was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2020 to identify factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy nutrition, and inadequate physical activity. The review was guided by the five-step Arksey and O'Malley model. A deductive qualitative content analysis was employed to identify the factors synthesized through descriptive and narrative synthesis. The search was conducted in English without date restrictions up to January 2020.
We identified 1437 studies through database search and other sources and finally included 72 studies in the review. The content analysis of the data led to the identification of 27 factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition, and physical activity. The factors categorized into social, technological, environmental, economic, political, and values factors.
Political and economic factors have a significant effect on all risk factors, and it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to improve these factors. Technological factors have a greater impact on healthy nutrition. Physical activity is more affected by environmental factors than other risk factors. However, smoking and alcohol consumption are more influenced by social factors and individual attitudes.
通过减少不健康的营养摄入、缺乏体育活动、吸烟和饮酒，可以预防很大一部分非传染性疾病（NCDs）。非传染性疾病的高负担凸显了更深入了解这些风险因素成因的必要性。本文旨在确定当前及未来影响吸烟、饮酒、不健康营养和缺乏体育活动的因素。
2020年在伊朗德黑兰医科大学进行了一项范围综述，以确定影响吸烟、饮酒、不健康营养和缺乏体育活动的因素。该综述以五步阿克斯和奥马利模型为指导。采用演绎性定性内容分析法来确定通过描述性和叙述性综合得出的因素。检索在英文数据库中进行，无日期限制，截至日期为2020年1月。
我们通过数据库搜索和其他来源共识别出1437项研究，最终纳入综述的有72项研究。对数据的内容分析得出了27个影响吸烟、饮酒、营养和体育活动的因素。这些因素分为社会、技术、环境、经济、政治和价值观因素。
政治和经济因素对所有风险因素都有显著影响，有必要采取综合措施来改善这些因素。技术因素对健康营养的影响更大。体育活动比其他风险因素更容易受到环境因素的影响。然而，吸烟和饮酒受社会因素和个人态度的影响更大。
