Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.
Chemosphere. 2022 Mar;290:133204. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133204. Epub 2021 Dec 13.
Phthalate esters (PAEs) have known widely being used in plastic products leading to being ubiquitous in the environment by easy to release from those products. This study aims to understand the impact of heavy rainfall on the concentration of PAEs in surface sediments of the Salt River in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and its potential ecological risks on aquatic organisms. The potential ecological risk assessment of sediment PAEs is based on the total risk quotient (TRQ) method. The total concentration of 10 PAEs (∑PAE10) in sediments of the Salt River is 333-13,615 ng/g dw, with an average of 4212 ± 3753 ng/g dw. Before the rainy season, the ∑PAE10 concentration in sediments at the outlets of domestic sewage in upstream was 9768-13,615 ng/g dw, which were relatively higher than other sites (542-3721 ng/g dw). During the rainy season, the ∑PAE10 concentration was 2820-12,041 ng/g dw, which was 1-11 times higher than that determined before the rainy season. After the rainy season, the ∑PAE10 concentration recorded was 530-6652 ng/g dw, which is 1-11 times lower than the value obtained during the rainy season. PAEs in sediments of the Salt River may have low to moderate potential risks to algae, crustaceans, and fish. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) are the main PAE that poses a potential risk to algae and crustaceans, and to fish respectively, whose values of risk quotient accounts for 40-69% of the TRQ value. The distribution of TRQ values for these aquatic organisms show a decreasing trend of PAEs level with respect to the rainy season: during the rainy season > after the rainy season > before the rainy season. Heavy rainfall may cause more serious pollution in sediments and increase the exposure risk of PAEs to aquatic organisms.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）广泛应用于塑料制品中，很容易从这些产品中释放出来，因此在环境中无处不在。本研究旨在了解暴雨对台湾高雄盐河水体沉积物中 PAEs 浓度的影响及其对水生生物的潜在生态风险。沉积物中 PAEs 的潜在生态风险评估基于总风险商（TRQ）方法。盐河沉积物中 10 种 PAEs（∑PAE10）的总浓度为 333-13615ng/gdw，平均值为 4212±3753ng/gdw。在雨季前，上游生活污水排放口沉积物中∑PAE10 的浓度为 9768-13615ng/gdw，相对较高，而其他地点的浓度为 542-3721ng/gdw。在雨季期间，∑PAE10 的浓度为 2820-12041ng/gdw，是雨季前的 1-11 倍。雨季过后，∑PAE10 的浓度为 530-6652ng/gdw，是雨季期间的 1-11 倍。盐河沉积物中的 PAEs 对藻类、甲壳类动物和鱼类可能具有低到中等的潜在风险。邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）是对藻类和甲壳类动物分别具有潜在风险的主要 PAE，其风险商值占 TRQ 值的 40-69%。这些水生生物的 TRQ 值分布显示，随着雨季的进行，PAEs 水平呈下降趋势：雨季期间>雨季过后>雨季前。暴雨可能导致沉积物中更严重的污染，并增加 PAEs 对水生生物的暴露风险。
