Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA.
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Feb;53:101043. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101043. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
The variation in experiences between high and low-socioeconomic status contexts are posited to play a crucial role in shaping the developing brain and may explain differences in child outcomes. Yet, examinations of SES and brain development have largely been limited to distal proxies of these experiences (e.g., income comparisons). The current study sought to disentangle the effects of multiple socioeconomic indices and dimensions of more proximal experiences on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in a sample of 7834 youth (aged 9-10 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We applied moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) to establish measurement invariance among three latent environmental dimensions of experience (material/economic deprivation, caregiver social support, and psychosocial threat). Results revealed measurement biases as a function of child age, sex, racial group, family income, and parental education, which were statistically adjusted in the final MNLFA scores. Mixed-effects models demonstrated that socioeconomic indices and psychosocial threat differentially predicted variation in frontolimbic networks, and threat statistically moderated the association between income and connectivity between the dorsal and ventral attention networks. Findings illuminate the importance of reducing measurement biases to gain a more socioculturally-valid understanding of the complex and nuanced links between socioeconomic context, children's experiences, and neurodevelopment.
高社会经济地位和低社会经济地位环境之间经历的差异被认为在塑造发育中的大脑方面起着至关重要的作用，并可能解释儿童发育结果的差异。然而，对 SES 和大脑发育的研究主要局限于这些经历的远程指标（例如，收入比较）。本研究旨在通过青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究中的 7834 名青年（年龄在 9-10 岁之间）样本，解开多种社会经济指数和更接近的经历维度对静息状态功能连接（rsFC）的影响。我们应用了调节非线性因子分析（MNLFA），以确定经验的三个潜在环境维度（物质/经济剥夺、照顾者社会支持和心理社会威胁）的测量不变性。结果显示，由于儿童年龄、性别、种族群体、家庭收入和父母教育，存在测量偏差，这些偏差在最终的 MNLFA 得分中进行了统计学调整。混合效应模型表明，社会经济指数和心理社会威胁差异地预测了额-边缘网络的变化，并且威胁统计上调节了收入与背侧和腹侧注意网络之间连接的关联。研究结果阐明了减少测量偏差的重要性，以更深入地了解社会文化背景下社会经济背景、儿童经历和神经发育之间复杂而微妙的联系。
