Harper Sara A, Thompson Brennan J
Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States.
Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States.
Front Physiol. 2021 Nov 30;12:790034. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.790034. eCollection 2021.
The ability of older adults to perform activities of daily living is often limited by the ability to generate high mechanical outputs. Therefore, assessing and developing maximal neuromuscular capacity is essential for determining age-related risk for functional decline as well as the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Interventions designed to enhance neuromuscular capacities underpinning maximal mechanical outputs could positively impact functional performance in daily life. Unfortunately, < 10% of older adults meet the current resistance training guidelines. It has recently been proposed that a more "minimal dose" RT model may help engage a greater proportion of older adults, so that they may realize the benefits of RT. Eccentric exercise offers some promising qualities for such an approach due to its efficiency in overloading contractions that can induce substantial neuromuscular adaptations. When used in a minimal dose RT paradigm, eccentric-based RT may be a particularly promising approach for older adults that can efficiently improve muscle mass, strength, and functional performance. One approach that may lead to improved neuromuscular function capacities and overall health is through heightened exercise tolerance which would favor greater exercise participation in older adult populations. Therefore, our perspective article will discuss the implications of using a minimal dose, submaximal (i.e., low intensity) multi-joint eccentric resistance training paradigm as a potentially effective, and yet currently underutilized, means to efficiently improve neuromuscular capacities and function for older adults.
老年人进行日常生活活动的能力往往受到产生高机械输出能力的限制。因此,评估和发展最大神经肌肉能力对于确定与年龄相关的功能衰退风险以及治疗干预的有效性至关重要。旨在增强支撑最大机械输出的神经肌肉能力的干预措施可能会对日常生活中的功能表现产生积极影响。不幸的是,不到10%的老年人符合当前的阻力训练指南。最近有人提出,一种更“最小剂量”的阻力训练模型可能有助于让更大比例的老年人参与进来,以便他们能够实现阻力训练的益处。离心运动为这种方法提供了一些有前景的特性,因为它在使收缩超负荷方面效率高,能够诱导显著的神经肌肉适应。当用于最小剂量阻力训练范式时,基于离心的阻力训练对于老年人可能是一种特别有前景的方法,能够有效改善肌肉质量、力量和功能表现。一种可能导致神经肌肉功能能力和整体健康改善的方法是通过提高运动耐受性,这将有利于老年人更多地参与运动。因此,我们的观点文章将讨论使用最小剂量、次最大强度(即低强度)多关节离心阻力训练范式作为一种潜在有效但目前未得到充分利用的手段,来有效改善老年人神经肌肉能力和功能的意义。
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