Caradonna Timothy M, Schmidt Aaron G
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
NPJ Vaccines. 2021 Dec 17;6(1):154. doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00417-1.
Antibody immunodominance refers to the preferential and asymmetric elicitation of antibodies against specific epitopes on a complex protein antigen. Traditional vaccination approaches for rapidly evolving pathogens have had limited success in part because of this phenomenon, as elicited antibodies preferentially target highly variable regions of antigens, and thus do not confer long lasting protection. While antibodies targeting functionally conserved epitopes have the potential to be broadly protective, they often make up a minority of the overall repertoire. Here, we discuss recent protein engineering strategies used to favorably alter patterns of immunodominance, and selectively focus antibody responses toward broadly protective epitopes in the pursuit of next-generation vaccines for rapidly evolving pathogens.
抗体免疫显性是指针对复杂蛋白质抗原上特定表位优先且不对称地引发抗体。针对快速演变病原体的传统疫苗接种方法成效有限，部分原因就在于此现象，因为引发的抗体优先靶向抗原的高变区，所以无法提供持久保护。虽然靶向功能保守表位的抗体有产生广泛保护作用的潜力，但它们在整个抗体库中通常只占少数。在此，我们讨论了最近用于有利地改变免疫显性模式的蛋白质工程策略，并在寻求针对快速演变病原体的下一代疫苗时，有选择地将抗体反应聚焦于具有广泛保护作用的表位。
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