Ardalan Mehrnaz, Cool Konner, Gaudreault Natasha N, Bold Dashzeveg, Mannix Anna, Hanzlicek Gregg A, Richt Juergen A, Pogranichniy Roman M
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Vet Anim Sci. 2024 Nov 6;26:100408. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100408. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, several species of domestic and wild animals have been found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through experimental inoculation and animal surveillance activities. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in animals is an important surveillance tool since viral shedding in animals can only be detected for a short period of time. In this study, convenience serum samples were collected from 691 cattle, 698 sheep, and 707 goats from several regions in the United States, between 2019 and 2022. The samples were evaluated for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies using two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); one based on the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (sVNT) and the other based on the nucleocapsid protein (N-ELISA) of SARS-CoV-2. Positive samples from the sVNT were additionally evaluated using a conventional virus neutralization test (VNT) employing the Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020 isolate. Our results indicate that ∼1 % (6/691) of cattle, ∼2 % (13/698) of sheep, and ∼2.5 % (18/707) of goat serum samples were positive when using the sVNT, whereas ∼4 % of cattle (25/691) and sheep (27/698), and 2.5 % (18/707) of goat serum samples tested positive with the N-ELISA. None of the sVNT positive cattle, sheep, or goat serum samples had detectable neutralizing antibody activity (<1:8) against the SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020 isolate by the VNT. Our results indicate low seropositivity in cattle, sheep, and goats in the U.S., indicating the importance to continue monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animal species that are in close contact with humans.
2019年末新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）出现后，通过实验接种和动物监测活动发现，几种家养和野生动物对SARS-CoV-2感染易感。动物中SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体的检测是一项重要的监测工具，因为动物体内病毒脱落只能在短时间内检测到。在本研究中，于2019年至2022年期间从美国多个地区的691头牛、698只绵羊和707只山羊中采集了方便样本血清。使用两种商业酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）评估样本中SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体的存在；一种基于SARS-CoV-2受体结合域的抑制（sVNT），另一种基于SARS-CoV-2的核衣壳蛋白（N-ELISA）。来自sVNT的阳性样本另外使用采用武汉株样SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020分离株的传统病毒中和试验（VNT）进行评估。我们的结果表明，使用sVNT时，约1%（6/691）的牛血清样本、约2%（13/698）的绵羊血清样本和约2.5%（18/707）的山羊血清样本呈阳性，而使用N-ELISA时，约4%的牛（25/691）和绵羊（27/698）血清样本以及2.5%（18/707）的山羊血清样本检测呈阳性。通过VNT，没有一个sVNT阳性的牛、绵羊或山羊血清样本对SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020分离株具有可检测到的中和抗体活性（<1:8）。我们的结果表明美国牛、绵羊和山羊的血清阳性率较低，这表明继续监测与人类密切接触的动物物种中SARS-CoV-2流行情况的重要性。
