Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Apr;183:114142. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114142. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
Technological revolutions in several fields have pushed the boundaries of vaccine design and provided new avenues for vaccine development. Next-generation vaccine platforms have shown promise in targeting challenging antigens, for which traditional approaches have been ineffective. With advances in protein engineering, structural biology, computational biology and immunology, the structural vaccinology approach, which uses protein structure information to develop immunogens, holds promise for future vaccine design. In this review, we highlight various vaccine development strategies, along with their advantages and limitations. We discuss the rational vaccine design approach, which focuses on structure-based vaccine design. Finally, we discuss antigen engineering using the epitope-scaffold approach, gaps in structural vaccinology, and remaining challenges in vaccine design.
多项领域的技术革命推动了疫苗设计的边界，并为疫苗开发提供了新途径。下一代疫苗平台在靶向具有挑战性的抗原方面显示出了希望，而传统方法在这些抗原方面效果不佳。随着蛋白质工程、结构生物学、计算生物学和免疫学的进步，利用蛋白质结构信息来开发免疫原的结构疫苗学方法有望用于未来的疫苗设计。在这篇综述中，我们强调了各种疫苗开发策略及其优缺点。我们讨论了基于结构的疫苗设计的合理疫苗设计方法。最后，我们讨论了基于表位支架的抗原工程、结构疫苗学的差距以及疫苗设计中的剩余挑战。
