Department of Psychology and Sociology, The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, USA.
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2022 Aug 30;56(9):959-968. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab103.
Robust evidence shows that perceived discrimination among stigmatized groups is associated with negative health outcomes. However, little work has examined whether holding prejudiced attitudes toward others is associated with health risks for prejudiced individuals.
The study is a test of the hypothesis that holding prejudicial attitudes has negative health implications for both the holders and targets of prejudicial attitudes.
The project connected data (2003-2015) at the state and county levels on average explicit and implicit prejudice held by White, Black, and Native American respondents from Project Implicit with data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality for White, Black, and Native American individuals from the CDC Wonder database. Separate analyses regressed implicit and explicit prejudice on CVD mortality risk for White, Black, and Native American individuals, respectively.
At the state level, among White individuals, explicit prejudice toward Blacks (β = .431, p =.037) and implicit prejudice toward Native Americans (β = .283, p = .045) were positively associated with greater CVD mortality for Whites. At the county level, White individuals' implicit prejudice toward Blacks (β =.081, p = .015) and Black individuals' implicit prejudice toward Whites (β = -.066, p = .018) were associated with greater CVD mortality for Whites. Also, at the county-level, among Black individuals, higher implicit (β = -.133, p < .001) and explicit (β = -.176, p < .001) prejudice toward Whites predicted CVD mortality for Blacks. Moreover, explicit prejudice held by White individuals was positively associated with Blacks' county-level CVD deaths (β = .074, p = .036).
This evidence suggests that across racial groups, holding racial prejudice is associated with CVD mortality risk for both the prejudiced and the stigmatized groups. Future research should verify the reliability of this potential public health effect with additional work explicating moderators and mediators to inform surveillance and interventions.
大量证据表明，被污名化群体感知到的歧视与负面健康结果有关。然而，很少有研究探讨对他人持有偏见态度是否会给持有偏见的个人带来健康风险。
本研究检验了这样一个假设，即持有偏见态度对偏见持有者和偏见目标都有负面的健康影响。
该项目将 2003-2015 年在州和县两级进行的白人、黑人和美国原住民受访者在项目隐式中持有的平均显性和隐性偏见的数据，与美国疾病控制与预防中心 Wonder 数据库中白人、黑人和美国原住民个体的心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率数据相连接。分别为白人、黑人和美国原住民个体回归了隐性和显性偏见与 CVD 死亡率风险的关系。
在州一级，对于白人个体，对黑人的显性偏见（β=0.431，p=0.037）和对美国原住民的隐性偏见（β=0.283，p=0.045）与白人的更高 CVD 死亡率呈正相关。在县一级，白人个体对黑人的隐性偏见（β=0.081，p=0.015）和黑人个体对白人的隐性偏见（β=-0.066，p=0.018）与白人的更高 CVD 死亡率有关。此外，在县一级，黑人个体对白人的更高隐性（β=-1.33，p<0.001）和显性偏见（β=-1.76，p<0.001）预测了黑人的 CVD 死亡率。此外，白人个体的显性偏见与黑人的县一级 CVD 死亡呈正相关（β=0.074，p=0.036）。
这项证据表明，在不同种族群体中，持有种族偏见与偏见持有者和受歧视群体的 CVD 死亡率风险有关。未来的研究应通过额外的工作来验证这种潜在的公共卫生效应的可靠性，阐明调节因素和中介因素，以提供监测和干预措施。
