Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Feb;133:104504. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.027. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
Cognitive deficits are well documented in schizophrenia. Here, we reviewed alterations in performance monitoring as potential marker of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We found that performance monitoring alterations in schizophrenia are specific to early (indexed by blunted error-related negativity (ERN)) and late (reflected in blunted error positivity (Pe)) internal error processing, while external performance feedback processing in simple response feedback tasks is relatively preserved. We propose, that these performance monitoring deficits may best be interpret as one aspect of disrupted theta band (4-8 Hz) oscillations over medial frontal recordings sites. Midfrontal theta dynamics are an increasingly established direct neural index of the recruitment of cognitive control and are impaired in several clinical populations. While theta-related ERPs (the ERN) may be an easy to assess marker of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, further work investigating the trial-by-trial dynamics of theta in both the time and time-frequency domain is needed to parse cognitive deficits in schizophrenia into finer levels of detail and evaluate theta modulation as a therapeutic tool.
精神分裂症患者的认知缺陷已得到充分证实。在这里，我们回顾了表现监测的变化，将其作为精神分裂症认知缺陷的潜在标志物。我们发现，精神分裂症患者的表现监测变化是特定于早期（以迟钝的错误相关负波 (ERN) 为指标）和晚期（反映在迟钝的错误正波 (Pe) 中）的内部错误处理，而简单反应反馈任务中的外部表现反馈处理相对保留。我们提出，这些表现监测缺陷最好可以解释为内侧额记录部位的θ频段（4-8 Hz）振荡中断的一个方面。中额θ动态是认知控制招募的越来越被确定的直接神经指标，在几个临床人群中都存在损伤。虽然与θ相关的 ERP（ERN）可能是精神分裂症认知缺陷的一个易于评估的标志物，但需要进一步研究θ在时间和时频域中的逐次动态，以便将精神分裂症的认知缺陷细分为更详细的水平，并评估θ调制作为一种治疗工具。
