College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 15;812:152479. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152479. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
Ionic liquids (ILs) become environmental pollutants. Their environmental toxicities included inhibitory effects, stimulatory ones and hormesis combining both aspects on various organisms. However, the mechanisms still need systematic investigations. Presently, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Hmim]NO) was chosen as one representative IL. Its effects on lifespan and reproduction were studied on C. elegans with lipid metabolism as the potential mechanism. Two types (A and B) intermittent multi-generational exposure arrangements were set up to mimic realistic ILs exposure scenarios. Type A arrangement had exposure in F1, F5 and F9 with recovery in T2-T4, T6-T8 and T10-T12, and type B arrangement had exposure in F1, F3, F5, F7, F9 and F11 with recovery in T2, T4, T6, T8, T10 and T12. In type A exposure, the effects of [Hmim]NO on reproduction were 1.32-, 1.68-, 1.23-, 0.96-, 1.68-, 1.07-, 1.25-, 1.64-, 1.31-, 1.11-, 0.89- and 1.02-fold of the control in F1, T2-T4, F5, T6-T8, F9, T10-T12, respectively. The results showed oscillation between stimulatory and inhibitory effects. In type B exposure, the effects showed fewer inhibitions and more stimulations across generations. Moreover, the effects on reproduction showed trade-off relationships with lifespan, and the trade-off was more obvious in type B exposure. Further biochemical and gene expression analysis showed that lipid metabolism was closely related with lifespan and reproduction in type A exposure, but it was connected with cholesterol synthesis in type B exposure. The results demonstrated different strategies in the biological responses to the two arrangements of intermittent multi-generational exposure.
离子液体（ILs）成为环境污染物。它们的环境毒性包括对各种生物的抑制作用、刺激作用以及结合两者的激效作用。然而，其机制仍需要系统研究。目前，选择 1-己基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐([Hmim]NO)作为一种代表性的 IL。以脂质代谢为潜在机制，研究其对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命和繁殖的影响。设置了两种（A 和 B）间歇多代暴露安排来模拟真实的 IL 暴露情景。A 型安排在 F1、F5 和 F9 中进行暴露，在 T2-T4、T6-T8 和 T10-T12 中进行恢复，B 型安排在 F1、F3、F5、F7、F9 和 F11 中进行暴露，在 T2、T4、T6、T8、T10 和 T12 中进行恢复。在 A 型暴露中，[Hmim]NO 对繁殖的影响分别为 F1、T2-T4、F5、T6-T8、F9、T10-T12 的对照的 1.32、1.68、1.23、0.96、1.68、1.07、1.25、1.64、1.31、1.11、0.89 和 1.02 倍。结果显示出刺激和抑制作用之间的振荡。在 B 型暴露中，各世代的抑制作用较少，刺激作用较多。此外，繁殖对寿命的影响表现出权衡关系，B 型暴露的权衡关系更为明显。进一步的生化和基因表达分析表明，在 A 型暴露中，脂质代谢与寿命和繁殖密切相关，但在 B 型暴露中与胆固醇合成有关。结果表明，两种间歇多代暴露安排的生物反应具有不同的策略。
