Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 2;12:743466. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743466. eCollection 2021.
In the process of infecting the host, alphaherpesviruses have derived a series of adaptation and survival strategies, such as latent infection, autophagy and immune evasion, to survive in the host environment. Infected cell protein 22 (ICP22) or its homologue immediate early protein 63 (IE63) is a posttranslationally modified multifunctional viral regulatory protein encoded by all alphaherpesviruses. In addition to playing an important role in the efficient use of host cell RNA polymerase II, it also plays an important role in the defense process of the virus overcoming the host immune system. These two effects of ICP22/IE63 are important survival strategies for alphaherpesviruses. In this review, we summarize the complex mechanism by which the ICP22 protein regulates the transcription of alphaherpesviruses and their host genes and the mechanism by which ICP22/IE63 participates in immune escape. Reviewing these mechanisms will also help us understand the pathogenesis of alphaherpesvirus infections and provide new strategies to combat these viral infections.
在感染宿主的过程中，α疱疹病毒已经衍生出一系列适应和生存策略，如潜伏感染、自噬和免疫逃避，以在宿主环境中生存。感染细胞蛋白 22（ICP22）或其同源物早期即刻蛋白 63（IE63）是所有α疱疹病毒编码的一种翻译后修饰的多功能病毒调节蛋白。除了在有效利用宿主细胞 RNA 聚合酶 II 方面发挥重要作用外，它在病毒克服宿主免疫系统的防御过程中也发挥着重要作用。ICP22/IE63 的这两个作用是α疱疹病毒的重要生存策略。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 ICP22 蛋白调节α疱疹病毒及其宿主基因转录的复杂机制，以及 ICP22/IE63 参与免疫逃避的机制。回顾这些机制也将有助于我们了解α疱疹病毒感染的发病机制，并为对抗这些病毒感染提供新的策略。
