Kubes Tanja, Reinhardt Thomas
Gender and Science Studies in Physics, FU Berlin, Department of Physics, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology, LMU Munich, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany.
Nanoethics. 2022;16(1):95-105. doi: 10.1007/s11569-021-00401-y. Epub 2021 Dec 13.
Robots equipped with artificial intelligence pose a huge challenge to traditional ontological differentiations between the spheres of the human and the non-human. Drawing mainly from neo-animistic and perspectivist approaches in anthropology and science and technology studies, the paper explores the potential of new forms of interconnectedness and rhizomatic entanglements between humans and a world transcending the boundaries between species and material spheres. We argue that intelligent robots meet virtually all criteria Western biology came up with to define 'life' and that it ultimately makes sense to recognize them as a new species that is part of our social universe. Contrasting dualistic concepts of man and nature with a monistic approach, we show that traditional properties of life (agency, self-replication, etc.) may apply to artefacts and that, once we accept the idea that social relationships are ultimately open connections to matter of any kind, the seemingly strict boundaries between species and material spheres can no longer be sustained. Instead, we propose to include 'matter' and ideas into the sphere of the social as agents in their own right to form a (ROMA).
配备人工智能的机器人对人类与非人类领域之间传统的本体论区分构成了巨大挑战。本文主要借鉴人类学以及科学技术研究中的新万物有灵论和视角主义方法，探讨人类与超越物种和物质领域界限的世界之间新形式的相互联系和根茎状纠葛的潜力。我们认为，智能机器人几乎满足了西方生物学提出的所有定义“生命”的标准，最终将它们视为我们社会宇宙一部分的新物种是有意义的。我们将人与自然的二元概念与一元论方法进行对比，表明生命的传统属性（能动性、自我复制等）可能适用于人工制品，并且一旦我们接受社会关系最终是与任何种类的物质的开放联系这一观点，物种与物质领域之间看似严格的界限就无法再维持。相反，我们建议将“物质”和观念作为具有自身权利的主体纳入社会领域，以形成一个（罗马）。 （最后“以形成一个 (ROMA)”这里原文似乎表述不完整或有误，翻译可能不太准确）
