CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Feb 15;304:114318. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114318. Epub 2021 Dec 20.
Ecosystem service flow dynamics which establish the linkage between human and nature is essential in an ecosystem service assessment. This study constructed an ecosystem service flow model of freshwater flow then utilized it to assess the water-related ecosystem services in northeast China. We included the provision, consumption, and spatial flow of freshwater services in an index to assess the water security condition and quantified the services trans-boundary flow from the northeast forest belt (NFB) in northeast China. Our results showed that large areas (50.54%, 55.10% and 52.90%, respectively) of northeast China received upstream freshwater service in three years. The water security condition of northeast China deteriorated from 2005 to 2015 with the change of water security index considering water flow (WSI), mainly influenced by precipitation and agriculture water consumption. Approximately 4.16 billion m of freshwater service were delivered from NFB to surrounding regions demonstrating the importance of NFB in terms of ecosystem service provision. In addition, 73 key watersheds (4.71% of total area) within NFB that significantly affect the trans-boundary flow were further identified. We suggested that local government should advocate develop water-saving agriculture and livestock water quotas. Moreover, priorities should be given to protect the key watersheds within NFB in order to maintain the supply of freshwater service. This study provided a framework for exploring suitable strategies for managing water resources and laid a foundation for promoting the ecological compensation in the future.
生态系统服务流动动态建立了人与自然之间的联系，是生态系统服务评估的基础。本研究构建了一个淡水流动生态系统服务流动模型，并用其评估了中国东北地区的水相关生态系统服务。我们将淡水服务的供给、消耗和空间流动纳入一个指标中，以评估水安全状况，并量化了来自中国东北地区东北森林带（NFB）的跨界水流服务。结果表明，在三年内，中国东北地区有大面积（分别为 50.54%、55.10%和 52.90%）地区接收上游淡水服务。考虑到水流的水安全指数（WSI），中国东北地区的水安全状况从 2005 年到 2015 年恶化，主要受降水和农业用水量的影响。约有 41.6 亿立方米的淡水服务从 NFB 输送到周边地区，这表明 NFB 在提供生态系统服务方面的重要性。此外，还确定了 NFB 内对跨界流动有显著影响的 73 个关键流域（占总面积的 4.71%）。本研究建议地方政府应倡导发展节水型农业和牲畜用水定额，并优先保护 NFB 内的关键流域，以维持淡水服务的供应。本研究为探索水资源管理的适宜策略提供了框架，并为未来推动生态补偿奠定了基础。
