Wang Ying, Liu Yu
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, BOX 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2021 Dec 16;25:101673. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101673. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Vaccine hesitancy is a challenge for the success and optimal implementation of COVID-19 immunization programs in the US. The objective of this study was to summarize multilevel determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention in the US to inform future intervention opportunities. To this end, we conducted a rapid systematic review by searching published articles via PubMed published by October 5, 2021, following the PRISMA guidelines. One hundred and six articles were included. According to nationally representative studies, the overall COVID-19 acceptance rate ranges from 53.6% to 84.4%. Individual (demographics, health history, behaviors and health beliefs), interpersonal (having a close friend/family member impacted by COVID-19), healthcare and societal level factors (healthcare provider recommendations, source/credential of COVID-19 related information, and COVID-19 related conspiracy theories) all contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the US. This study demonstrates that the acceptance to COVID-19 vaccines is influenced by various factors, particularly the role of healthcare providers in enhancing public intent to vaccination. Potential interventions to mitigate people's concerns over the vaccines and address vaccine-related conspiracy/misinformation from social media are also critical to encourage vaccine uptake in the US.
疫苗犹豫是美国新冠疫苗接种计划取得成功并实现最佳实施的一项挑战。本研究的目的是总结美国新冠疫苗接种意愿的多层次决定因素，以为未来的干预机会提供信息。为此，我们按照PRISMA指南，通过检索截至2021年10月5日在PubMed上发表的文章，进行了一项快速系统综述。共纳入106篇文章。根据具有全国代表性的研究，新冠疫苗的总体接受率在53.6%至84.4%之间。个体因素（人口统计学、健康史、行为和健康观念）、人际因素（有亲密朋友/家庭成员受新冠疫情影响）、医疗保健和社会层面因素（医疗保健提供者的建议、新冠相关信息的来源/可信度以及新冠相关阴谋论）都导致了美国的新冠疫苗犹豫现象。本研究表明，对新冠疫苗的接受程度受到多种因素的影响，尤其是医疗保健提供者在增强公众接种意愿方面的作用。采取潜在干预措施以减轻人们对疫苗的担忧，并解决社交媒体上与疫苗相关的阴谋论/错误信息，对于鼓励美国民众接种疫苗也至关重要。
