Prakash Jayant, Das Indrani, Bindal Ruchi, Shivu M E, Sidhu Sandeep, Kak Vasudha, Kumar Avanindra
Department of Prosthodontics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India.
Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Silchar, Assam, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Oct;10(10):3845-3850. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_439_21. Epub 2021 Nov 5.
Autism is reportedly the most severe neuropsychiatric disorder affecting children. Autistic subjects can be characterized by impairments in social interactive behavior along with restricted interests and quite frequently, are seen exhibiting repetitive behavior patterns in stereotyped manner. The inability to perform routine tasks can widely impact the oral health and also, the constant care and sense of helplessness might drastically affect quality of life.
The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and perceptions regarding an autistic child's oral health among parents.
Parental perception regarding the quality of life among the afflicted autistic children was done using a self-assessment questionnaire that included eight questions which were replied to in an affirmation or negative answer. 300 parents of autism affected children formed the study participants. Recorded responses were evaluated and percentage of each response was derived. Oral health status was measured by determination of dental caries prevalence and OHI-S index using chair light illumination, mouth mirror, diagnostic probe and a standard WHO periodontal probe. For statistical analysis, the calculations were performed by using the paired test. Statistical significance, which was fixed at < 0.05, which is statistically significant.
Approximately 18.33% of parents showed were aware that oral health can influence general health; 15% did have exhibit awareness. 15% of parents did not consider that primary teeth were important; 59.1% visited any dentist only when suffering from pain; 5% went for an annual dental examination; 15% and 24.6% parents visited dental practitioners at intervals of 3 and 6 months, respectively. 30%, 25% and 51.66% parents considered obtaining consultation and getting treatment from pediatric dentist; general dentist and general physician. 41.6% parents had taken their children for restorations. 52% reported constant stress whereas 48% reported with constant distressed emotions. No significant difference was determined between the parameters. 75% of autistic children suffered from dental caries whereas oral hygiene scores demonstrated high mean value of 4.
Autism is a severely distressing condition wherein oral health along with general physical health is affected. Since parents are directly involved in upbringing of these individuals, they also subsequently show a reduction in quality of life.
据报道，自闭症是影响儿童的最严重的神经精神障碍。自闭症患者的特征是社交互动行为受损，兴趣有限，并且经常以刻板的方式表现出重复的行为模式。无法完成日常任务会广泛影响口腔健康，而且持续的护理和无助感可能会严重影响生活质量。
本研究的目的是评估自闭症儿童的口腔健康状况以及家长对其口腔健康的认知。
使用一份自我评估问卷来了解受影响的自闭症儿童家长对生活质量的看法，该问卷包含八个问题，以肯定或否定的回答作答。300名自闭症患儿的家长构成了研究参与者。对记录的回答进行评估，并得出每个回答的百分比。使用椅旁灯光照明、口镜、诊断探针和标准的世界卫生组织牙周探针，通过确定龋齿患病率和OHI-S指数来测量口腔健康状况。为进行统计分析，采用配对检验进行计算。统计学显著性设定为P<0.05，具有统计学意义。
约18.33%的家长意识到口腔健康会影响总体健康；15%确实表现出了认知。15%的家长不认为乳牙很重要；59.1%的家长仅在孩子疼痛时才去看牙医；5%的家长每年进行一次牙科检查；15%和24.6%的家长分别每3个月和6个月看一次牙医。30%、25%和51.66%的家长考虑从儿童牙医、普通牙医和普通医生那里获得咨询并接受治疗。41.6%的家长带孩子进行了修复治疗。52%的家长报告持续有压力，而48%的家长报告持续有痛苦情绪。各参数之间未发现显著差异。75%的自闭症儿童患有龋齿，而口腔卫生评分显示平均值较高，为4分。
自闭症是一种严重令人痛苦的疾病，其中口腔健康和总体身体健康都会受到影响。由于家长直接参与这些孩子的养育，他们的生活质量随后也会下降。
