Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany.
SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jan 4;56(1):131-144. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04685. Epub 2021 Dec 22.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of the most hazardous substances. As unavoidable byproducts of petrogenic and pyrogenic processes, their emissions are dominantly linked to various economic sectors. In international trade, not only final consumption but also primary input can transfer the emissions among regions. Therefore, a long-term impact assessment of the international trade on PAH global emissions based on the final consumption and primary input could significantly benefit worldwide PAH mitigation strategies. This study investigated the changes in consumption- and income-based PAH emissions and interregional flows of worldwide regions, using the latest available data from 1999 to 2014. Results show that in 2014, 16.8 and 10.1% of global PAH emissions were transferred by consumption and primary input through international trade. Meanwhile, the production-, consumption-, and income-based emissions in most regions were decreasing. Furthermore, from the consumption-based perspective, sub-Saharan Africa surpassed China and became the largest net exporter of consumption-based emissions. From the income-based perspective, the net income-based outflows of India and the rest of Asia increased significantly, indicating the income-based emission leakage in emerging markets. From the socioeconomic perspective, emission intensity dominated the global decline in PAH emissions. As the two main factors driving the increase in emissions, the primary input structure (41%) had a larger effect than the final demand level (28%) from 1999 to 2014. Therefore, global cooperation, through the mitigation strategies of reducing emission factors and improving international trade patterns, is posited as an efficient strategy to reduce PAH pollution and related health risks.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类最危险的物质。作为石油和热解过程的不可避免的副产品，其排放主要与各种经济部门有关。在国际贸易中，不仅最终消费，而且初级投入都可以在区域间转移排放。因此，基于最终消费和初级投入的国际贸易对 PAH 全球排放的长期影响评估可以极大地有益于全球 PAH 缓解策略。本研究使用 1999 年至 2014 年最新可得数据，调查了世界各地区基于消费和收入的 PAH 排放变化和区域间流动。结果表明，2014 年，全球 PAH 排放的 16.8%和 10.1%通过国际贸易以消费和初级投入的形式转移。同时，大多数地区的生产、消费和收入基础排放量都在减少。此外，从消费角度看，撒哈拉以南非洲已超过中国，成为消费基础排放量最大的净出口地区。从收入角度看，印度和亚洲其他地区的净收入基础排放量大幅增加，表明新兴市场存在收入基础的排放泄漏。从社会经济角度看，排放强度主导了 PAH 排放量的全球下降。作为排放增加的两个主要因素，初级投入结构（41%）比最终需求水平（28%）在 1999 年至 2014 年期间对排放的影响更大。因此，通过减少排放因子和改善国际贸易模式的缓解策略进行全球合作，被认为是减少 PAH 污染和相关健康风险的有效策略。
